Estimation of self-motion by optic flow processing in single visual interneurons

Krapp, Holger G.; Hengstenberg, R

doi:10.1038/384463a0

Cited by 371 publications

(326 citation statements)

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“…Monocular cells have been found also in the lobula plate of Macroglossum (Wicklein 1994). Although neurons which receive information from both eyes and are sensitive to TPM or RPM can be found in the optic lobes of various species (e.g.¯y: Krapp and Hengstenberg 1996;reviews: Hausen 1981;Hausen and Egelhaaf 1989;bee: DeVoe et al 1982; hawk moth: Collett and Blest 1966) they predominate at subsequent processing levels. Most descending neurons that have been described so far respond best to simulated rotations of the animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual position stabilization in the hummingbird hawk moth, Macroglossum stellatarum L. II. Electrophysiological analysis of neurons sensitive to wide-field image motion

Kern

1998

Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behav

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual position stabilization in the hummingbird hawk moth, Macroglossum stellatarum L. II. Electrophysiological analysis of neurons sensitive to wide-field image motion

Kern

1998

Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behav

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“…To safely fly in cluttered environments, insects instead rely on image motion, also known as optic flow 38,39 , generated by their own displacement relative to the surroundings 40 . It has been experimentally shown that their neural system reacts to optic flow patterns 41,42 to produce a large variety of flight capabilities, such as obstacle avoidance 40,43 , speed maintenance 44 , odometry estimation 45 , wall following and corridor centring 46 , altitude regulation 47,48 , orientation control 49 and landing 50,51 . Optic flow intensity is proportional to the distance from objects only during translational movements, but not during rotational movements when it is proportional to the rotational velocity of the agent.…”

Section: Review Insightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones

Floreano

Wood

2015

Nature

1,091

552

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Drones, a popular nickname for unmanned aerial vehicles and micro aerial vehicles, often conjure up images of unmanned aeroplanes that fly thousands of miles for espionage and to deploy munitions. However, over the past few years, an increasing number of public and private research laboratories have been working on small, human-friendly drones that one day may autonomously fly in confined spaces and in close proximity to people. The development of these small drones, which is the main focus of this Review, has been supported by the miniaturization and cost reduction of electronic components (microprocessors, sensors, batteries and wireless communication units), largely driven by the portable electronic device industry. These improvements have enabled the prototyping and commercialization of small (typically less than 1 kg) drones at smartphone prices.Small drones will have important socio-economic impacts (Fig. 1). Images from drones that are capable of flying a few metres above the ground will fill a gap between expensive, weather-dependent and lowresolution images provided by satellites and car-based images limited to human-level perspectives and the availability of accessible roads. Specialized flying cameras and cloud-based data analytics will allow farmers to continuously monitor the quality of crop growth. Such platforms will enable construction companies to measure work progress in real time. Drones will let mining companies obtain precise volumetric data of excavations. Energy and infrastructure companies will be able to exhaustively survey pipelines, roads and cables. Humanitarian organizations could immediately assess and adapt aid efforts in continuously changing refugee camps. Transportation drones that are capable of safely taking off and landing in the proximity of buildings and humans will allow developing countries -without a suitable road network -to rapidly deliver goods and to finally unleash the full potential of their e-commerce telecommunication infrastructure. Transportation drones will also help developed countries to improve the quality of service in congested or remote areas, and will enable rescue organizations to quickly deliver medical supplies in the field and on demand. Inspection drones that are capable of flying in confined spaces will help fire-fighting and emergency units to assess dangers faster and more safely, logistic companies to detect cracks in the inner and outer shells of ships, road maintenance companies to measure signs of wear and tear in bridges and tunnels, security companies to improve building safety by monitoring areas outside the range of surveillance cameras, and disaster mitigation agencies to inspect partially collapsed buildings where ground clutter is an obstacle for terrestrial robots. Coordinated teams of autonomous drones will enable missions that last longer than the flight time of a single drone by allowing some drones to temporarily leave the team for battery replacement. Drone teams will permit rescue organizations to quickly deploy dedicated commu...

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“…In the third visual neuropil (lobula plate) of the fly, several so-called tangential neurons were found to have receptive-field properties adapted to sense particular self-motions (Krapp & Hengstenberg, 1996). They integrate on their extended dendrites the signals of many direction-selective small-field elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early visual experience and the receptive-field organization of optic flow processing interneurons in the fly motion pathway

et al. 2001

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The distribution of local preferred directions and motion sensitivities within the receptive fields of so-called tangential neurons in the fly visual system was previously found to match optic flow fields as induced by certain self-motions. The complex receptive-field organization of the tangential neurons and the recent evidence showing that the orderly development of the fly's peripheral visual system depends on visual experience led us to investigate whether or not early visual input is required to establish the functional receptive-field properties of such tangential neurons. In electrophysiological investigations of two identified tangential neurons, it turned out that dark-hatched flies which were kept in complete darkness for 2 days develop basically the same receptive-field organization as flies which were raised under seasonal light0dark conditions and were free to move in their cages. We did not find any evidence that the development of the sophisticated receptive-field organization of tangential neurons depends on sensory experience. Instead, the input to the tangential neurons seems to be "hardwired" and the specificity of these cells to optic flow induced during self-motions of the animal may have evolved on a phylogenetical time scale.

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Estimation of self-motion by optic flow processing in single visual interneurons

Cited by 371 publications

References 20 publications

Visual position stabilization in the hummingbird hawk moth, Macroglossum stellatarum L. II. Electrophysiological analysis of neurons sensitive to wide-field image motion

Visual position stabilization in the hummingbird hawk moth, Macroglossum stellatarum L. II. Electrophysiological analysis of neurons sensitive to wide-field image motion

Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones

Early visual experience and the receptive-field organization of optic flow processing interneurons in the fly motion pathway

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