Estimation of Specific Absorption Rate Using Infrared Thermography for the Biocompatibility of Wearable Wireless Devices

Karthik, Varshini; Rao, T. Rama

doi:10.2528/pierm17022603

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In [14,15], different techniques such as infrared thermography and in [16], simple mathematical computations have been carried out to estimate the SAR of a wearable antenna. In general, monopole antennas have high SAR values due to the partial ground plane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Wideband Monopole Antennas for Flexible/Wearable Wireless Device Applications

Reddy¹,

Kumar²,

Rao³

et al. 2017

PIER M

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Abstract-Compact wideband flexible monopole antennas are designed and analyzed for its performance for Body Centric Wireless Communications (BCWC). Two antennas with identical radiators on different substrates are designed and fabricated on polyamide and teslin paper substrates, deploying a modified rectangle-shaped radiator. With the aid of modifications in the radiating plane and defecting the ground plane, the polyamide based antenna is designed to operate between 1.8 and 13.3 GHz, and teslin paper based antenna is designed to operate between 1.45 and 13.4 GHz to cover the wireless communication technology frequencies and ultra-wideband range for various wireless applications. The reflection coefficient characteristics of the fabricated antennas on free space and on various sites of the body are measured and match reasonably well with the simulated reflection coefficient characteristics. The specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis is also carried out by placing the antennas on tissue layered model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Wideband Monopole Antennas for Flexible/Wearable Wireless Device Applications

Reddy¹,

Kumar²,

Rao³

et al. 2017

PIER M

Self Cite

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“…The suitability of an antenna for medical diagnosis applications depends on multiple factors such as antenna directionality [14], operating frequency and bandwidth [6,7], the level of reflection at the air to skin interface [15,16], impedance matching with heterogeneous tissue layers [15], biocompatibility [17] and compactness [7]. To increase the suitability, some of these factors are enhanced in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact coplanar waveguide fed wideband directional antenna for medical diagnosis

Rokunuzzaman¹,

Ahmed²,

Baum³

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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This paper presents a compact coplanar waveguide fed antenna for medical diagnosis of the human head. Early diagnosis of the sophisticated organs inside the human body is possible through microwave medical imaging, which has recently achieved its popularity due to its numerous advantages. The crucial functional element for microwave medical imaging is the antenna. The antenna presented in this paper is conceived and evaluated in contact with an inhomogeneous human head tissue medium, increasing the signal penetration by removing the antenna–air–tissue transition loss. A combination of a meandered line and circular slot are utilized to achieve wideband performance at a subwavelength size. A rectangular cavity is introduced at the back of the antenna to attain directional radiation towards the inhomogeneous human head phantom. The antenna achieves increased bandwidth covering the lower microwave frequency region for medical diagnosis of a human head while minimizing ill-directed radiated fields which interfere with imaging computations. The salient characteristics of compact size, high near-field directionality, lower microwave operating frequency range and low impact on the skin surface make the proposed antenna a suitable candidate for microwave imaging of the human head.

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“…In [7], Ray proposed various configurations of monopole antennas and discussed their performances for UWB applications. In [8], the authors analyzed SAR in different parts of the body using infrared thermography, and in [9,10], the thermal distributions over the body were investigated for wearable wireless applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Specific Absorption Rate and Temperature Variations for an Uwb Antenna for Wireless Applications

Susila¹,

Rao²,

Karthik³

et al. 2019

PIER M

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This paper portrays a compact planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna design and development for wireless applications. The proposed antenna is influenced by fractal geometry design, where a pentagon slot is introduced inside a circular metallic patch, and iterations were carried out to achieve needed wide bandwidth. The antenna is deployed over an FR4 substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4 and thickness of 0.16 cm, to achieve wider impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna is of low profile with dimensions of 32×32 mm, and it operates over bandwidth of 12.1 GHz (2.9-15 GHz). Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), the measure of exposure of electromagnetic (EM) energy on human tissues, is observed when proposed antenna is placed in close proximity to the dispersive phantom model. Also, the time domain analysis is done on human tissue model to observe the performance of the antenna and to validate its capability with wireless devices which are in near vicinity to the human all the time. Further, in this research, the temperature variation on human tissue is examined using Infrared (IR) thermal camera. Investigation on these parameters and validation with Radio Frequency (RF) equipment helps to prove that the proposed antenna is a suitable candidate for UWB wireless communication applications.

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Estimation of Specific Absorption Rate Using Infrared Thermography for the Biocompatibility of Wearable Wireless Devices

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Design and Analysis of Wideband Monopole Antennas for Flexible/Wearable Wireless Device Applications

Design and Analysis of Wideband Monopole Antennas for Flexible/Wearable Wireless Device Applications

Compact coplanar waveguide fed wideband directional antenna for medical diagnosis

Investigations of Specific Absorption Rate and Temperature Variations for an Uwb Antenna for Wireless Applications

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