Estimation of subsurface temperature anomaly in the Indian Ocean during recent global surface warming hiatus from satellite measurements: A support vector machine approach

Su, Hua; Wu, Xiangbai; Yan, Xiao‐Hai; Kidwell, Autumn

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2015.01.001

Cited by 96 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Hence, improvements in the accuracy of subsurface thermal structure measurements at large scales are needed for near-real time assimilation models [40]. Oceanography has been revolutionized in the last decade by satellite sensors because of their repetitive, synoptic temperature measurement capabilities over the sea surface [39] and satellite measurements over large-scale regions [31].…”

Section: Remote Sensing Capabilities For Estimating Ocean/sea Subsurfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have used the relationship between sea surface and subsurface parameters to estimate the subsurface temperature structure [31,41,[50][51][52][53]. Specifically, they have used the relationships between salinity, height, and temperature, and have extended the methodology for assimilating the temperature of the subsurface of the water.…”

Section: Remote Sensing Capabilities For Estimating Ocean/sea Subsurfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SSH data can be retrieved by several solutions, such as localized direct measurements by tide gauges [79], the XBT profiles (e.g., [57,84]), and approximate calculation by modelling the relationship between SSH and temperature, salinity, and pressure measurements [79], and this data has been monitored by remote sensing satellites [56,60] since 1992 [31]. These available and valuable satellites' altimetry data include the Topex/Poseidon, Jason products, ERS-1/2, Envisat altimeters, and all gridded sea level products from AVISO (e.g., [27,31,41,56,59,85], etc.)…”

Section: Sea Surface Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These available and valuable satellites' altimetry data include the Topex/Poseidon, Jason products, ERS-1/2, Envisat altimeters, and all gridded sea level products from AVISO (e.g., [27,31,41,56,59,85], etc.) with extremely good coverage in space and time [56].…”

Section: Sea Surface Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since widespread warming of the world's deeper oceans has been proven by more evidence, [20][21][22]28,42,43], estimating the subsurface thermal structure of the global oceans accurately is important [28,30,31]. Hence, subsurface flow fields have been estimated by oceanographers, and horizontal and vertical advection have been computed in the ocean interior [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Review of Ocean/Sea Subsurface Water Temperature Studies from Remote Sensing and Non-Remote Sensing Methods

Akbari

Alavipanah

Jeihouni

et al. 2017

Water

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Oceans/Seas are important components of Earth that are affected by global warming and climate change. Recent studies have indicated that the deeper oceans are responsible for climate variability by changing the Earth's ecosystem; therefore, assessing them has become more important. Remote sensing can provide sea surface data at high spatial/temporal resolution and with large spatial coverage, which allows for remarkable discoveries in the ocean sciences. The deep layers of the ocean/sea, however, cannot be directly detected by satellite remote sensors. Therefore, researchers have examined the relationships between salinity, height, and temperature of the oceans/Seas to estimate their subsurface water temperature using dynamical models and model-based data assimilation (numerical based and statistical) approaches, which simulate these parameters by employing remotely sensed data and in situ measurements. Due to the requirements of comprehensive perception and the importance of global warming in decision making and scientific studies, this review provides comprehensive information on the methods that are used to estimate ocean/sea subsurface water temperature from remotely and non-remotely sensed data. To clarify the subsurface processes, the challenges, limitations, and perspectives of the existing methods are also investigated.

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Section: Remote Sensing Capabilities For Estimating Ocean/sea Subsurfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remote Sensing Capabilities For Estimating Ocean/sea Subsurfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sea Surface Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sea Surface Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Review of Ocean/Sea Subsurface Water Temperature Studies from Remote Sensing and Non-Remote Sensing Methods

Akbari

Alavipanah

Jeihouni

et al. 2017

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The global warming hiatus: Slowdown or redistribution?

et al. 2016

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Global mean surface temperatures (GMST) exhibited a smaller rate of warming during 1998-2013, compared to the warming in the latter half of the 20th Century. Although, not a "true" hiatus in the strict definition of the word, this has been termed the "global warming hiatus" by IPCC (2013). There have been other periods that have also been defined as the "hiatus" depending on the analysis. There are a number of uncertainties and knowledge gaps regarding the "hiatus." This report reviews these issues and also posits insights from a collective set of diverse information that helps us understand what we do and do not know. One salient insight is that the GMST phenomenon is a surface characteristic that does not represent a slowdown in warming of the climate system but rather is an energy redistribution within the oceans. Improved understanding of the ocean distribution and redistribution of heat will help better monitor Earth's energy budget and its consequences. A review of recent scientific publications on the "hiatus" shows the difficulty and complexities in pinpointing the oceanic sink of the "missing heat" from the atmosphere and the upper layer of the oceans, which defines the "hiatus." Advances in "hiatus" research and outlooks (recommendations) are given in this report.

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Inconsistent Subsurface and Deeper Ocean Warming Signals During Recent Global Warming and Hiatus

et al. 2017

JGR Oceans

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Ocean heat content (OHC) evolutions calculated from the data sets (WOA, MyOcean, ORAS4, and SODA) were examined at different depth ranges in this study. According to the OHC changes, the subsurface and deeper ocean (SDO, 300–2000 m) heat content rapidly increased over the world's ocean basins during 1998–2013, indicating significant warming in the SDO during the recent global surface warming hiatus. Almost all the ocean basins warmed up, but with various contributions to the global SDO warming tied to the recent hiatus. The role of the Indian Ocean is particularly important as it has accounted for about 30% of global SDO heat uptake during the hiatus. The combined use of multiple data sets can reveal inconsistencies in SDO warming analysis results, and improve our understanding of the role of the SDO in the recent hiatus. The heat uptake in global SDO during the hiatus was about 2.37, 5.44, 3.75, and 2.44 × 1022 joules with trends of 0.40, 0.70, 0.77, and 0.48 W m−2 according to WOA, MyOcean, ORAS4, and SODA respectively, presenting obviously inconsistent SDO warming signals. MyOcean shows OHC overestimates in different ocean basins, while ORAS4 presents more reliable SDO OHC analysis. In general, the global SDO has sequestered a significant amount of heat—about 3.50 × 1022 joules with trends of 0.59 W m−2 on average among the four data sets—during the recent hiatus, demonstrating widespread and significant warming signals in the global SDO. There remain substantial uncertainties and discrepancies, however (especially in the PO and SO), in the available SDO warming information due to insufficient subsurface observation coverage and variations in the data set generation techniques used among different researchers.

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Estimation of subsurface temperature anomaly in the Indian Ocean during recent global surface warming hiatus from satellite measurements: A support vector machine approach

Cited by 96 publications

References 24 publications

A Review of Ocean/Sea Subsurface Water Temperature Studies from Remote Sensing and Non-Remote Sensing Methods

A Review of Ocean/Sea Subsurface Water Temperature Studies from Remote Sensing and Non-Remote Sensing Methods

The global warming hiatus: Slowdown or redistribution?

Inconsistent Subsurface and Deeper Ocean Warming Signals During Recent Global Warming and Hiatus

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