This study discusses the evaluation of oscillatory stability based on the synchronizing K s and damping K d torque coefficients for a single-machine system connected to an infinite bus (SMIB). Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to determine K s and K d values and subsequently identify the oscillatory stability conditions in the SMIB. The ability of PSO is compared with those of evolutionary programming (EP) techniques and artificial immune system (AIS). The least square (LS) method is selected as the benchmark for K s and K d values determined by PSO, EP, and AIS. Simulation results show that PSO successfully estimated K s and K d values closest to LS compared with EP and AIS. PSO also uses lower computational time compared with those of the two other techniques. The proposed technique is suitable for solving oscillatory stability problems based on the determination of eigenvalues and minimum damping ratio.Energies 2020, 13, 1231 2 of 15 K d values. Thus, heuristic techniques are introduced to solve this problem. K s and K d values will be optimized from the beginning of the data until constant K s and K d values are obtained. Therefore, only a portion of the data is necessary for estimating K s and K d . Minor data errors do not significantly affect the determination of K s and K d values.In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has become the preferred option in solving power system problems. The use of AI is introduced to solve the optimum values of a system or condition particularly in the fields of economic dispatch, capacitor placement and sizing, and assessment and improvement of voltage and oscillatory stability. Artificial neural networks [16,17], evolutionary programming (EP) [18][19][20], artificial immune systems (AIS) [21][22][23], and ant colony optimization (ACO) [24][25][26] are AI approaches that are commonly used in power systems. The EP algorithm is modeled on the biological evolution process of solving a complex problem. The main features of EP include the mutation process of the next generation and the selection of increasingly powerful genes. The AIS algorithm uses a concept similar to that of EP. Although both concepts are biologically based on living things, EP focuses on the evolution of living things, whereas AIS adopts the concept of the living immune system. The difference between AIS and EP algorithms is that AIS has an additional process of cloning called the clonal selection algorithm. However, the ACO approach is inspired by the true behavior of ants while searching for food and interacting with fellow ants. In ACO, artificial ants (the search agent) will communicate by using pheromones, which guide the searcher ants to solve the calculation problem by tracking the best route. Meanwhile, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) [27][28][29][30] concept mimics the movements of a herd, such as the behavior of schooling fish and swarming insects. This technique was originally founded based on the population of random particles, in which every p...