Estimation of the amount of asbestos-cement roofing in Poland

Wilk, Ewa; Krówczyńska, Małgorzata; Pabjanek, Piotr; Mędrzycki, Piotr

doi:10.1177/0734242x16683271

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Data on asbestos use and manufacturing plants were collected during the literature review and the field survey undertaken to establish the current state of asbestos manufacturing plants in Poland [20]. The results of the estimation of the amount of asbestos-cement products in Polish provinces obtained by Wilk et al [3] were used to estimate the amount of asbestos-cement products. All available data on MM cases were derived from the National Cancer Registry, which contains data on MM cases in accordance with the ICD-10 classification under the code of C45, broken down by gender, for the period of 1999–2013 [44].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asbestos was broadly used in industrial production due to its extraordinary tensile strength, poor heat conduction, and resistance to chemical attack [2]. In 1955–1998, over 2.2 million tons of asbestos fibres were imported into Poland [3], including over 60,000 tons of asbestos per year in the years 1970–1990 [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Chrysotile was used mainly in the asbestos-cement construction industry, and asbestos-containing products were manufactured in 28 plants, of which 10 produced asbestos-cement products [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Asbestos as a Result of Consumption and Use in Poland

Krówczyńska

Wilk

2019

IJERPH

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Asbestos is harmful to human health; exposure to asbestos causes a wide range of asbestos-related diseases. Aim: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is unique to occupational and environmental asbestos exposure. Methods: Environmental asbestos exposure was examined in relation to asbestos use and manufacturing, the quantity of the asbestos-containing products still in use, the concentrations of asbestos fibres in the air and the number of MM cases diagnosed each year per county. Results: The correlation coefficient of the measurements of the asbestos fibre concentrations in the air and the quantity of asbestos-cement products in use is high and amounts to 0.68. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient of the measurements of asbestos fibre concentrations in air and MM morbidity rate resulting from environmental exposure calculated for particular counties in provinces is low and amounts to 0.37. The highest MM morbidity rate was observed for Małopolskie and Śląskie, a typical industrial area of Poland. Conclusions: There are MM cases which are still attributable to occupational asbestos exposure, although MM cases resulting from environmental exposure to asbestos have an increased MM risk. Poland is among those countries with a low MM incidence rate, which seems to be an underestimation of environmental asbestos exposure. As long as asbestos-cement products are used in the environment, actions should be undertaken to protect public health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Asbestos as a Result of Consumption and Use in Poland

Krówczyńska

Wilk

2019

IJERPH

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“…Data on the quantity of the asbestos-containing products in use per province were obtained by computing Random Forest models; a model explaining 72.9% of the variance was subsequently used to prepare the prediction map of the amount of asbestos-cement roofing in Poland. Predictions were performed with the use of predict() function from the Random Forest package for m 2 per ha of SSL data, and then was converted into the total value of asbestos-cement roofing in each commune [ 48 ]. The information regarding measurements of asbestos fibers in the air carried out in 2004–2007, 2010 and 2012–2013 for the Ministry of Economy were used [ 49 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asbestos Exposure and the Mesothelioma Incidence in Poland

Krówczyńska

Wilk

2018

IJERPH

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Asbestos is carcinogenic to humans; the exposure to asbestos causes a wide range of diseases. Aim: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is unique for asbestos exposure. Methods: Based on the physical inventory of asbestos-cement roofing, the social-economic situation of communes, the proximity of asbestos manufacturing plants, the land use data referring to the surface of the built-up area, and the historical data on the annexations, the amount of asbestos-containing products in use was estimated by computing best Random Forest models. Per capita asbestos use is an indicator to compare the state of asbestos use among countries. MM cases in the local administrative units (provinces) were tested by the application of Moran’s I and Getis and Ord statistic. Results: The total amount of asbestos roofing in Poland was estimated at 738,068,000 m2 (8.2 million tons). In total there were 28 plants in Poland located in 11 provinces throughout the country. The amount of asbestos-cement roofing in use is correlated primarily with the measurements of asbestos concentration fibers (rs = 0.597). MM raw morbidity rate was calculated, stratified by province, and classified into five groups with respect to incidence. Hotspots of MM cases are in the southern part of Poland. Conclusions: MM cases are concentrated in the same geographical areas, which may indicate an increasing impact of environmental exposure. The results of the local and global autocorrelation clearly indicate a statistically significant relationship between incidences of MM in provinces. Poland and other Eastern European countries are among countries with low MM incidence rate. Detailed investigation is desirable since the current MM morbidity rate in Poland seems to be underestimated.

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“…Although the percentage of communes fulfilling the obligation to keep a register in the Asbestos Database is high, there are no mechanisms for checking the completeness of data [45,46]. In previous research undertaken by Wilk et al [47], it was estimated that 8.2 million tons of asbestos-cement products are used in Poland, i.e., approximately 0.4 million tons less than in the analyzed SSL dataset, and the pseudo-R 2 parameter reached a value of 72.9%. In previous research, modelling was executed using all variables that had been verified as important, regardless of the calculated value of the coefficient Z, which is the significance of variables.…”

Section: Asbestos Database (Tons) Difference (Tons)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Spatial Distribution of Asbestos—Cement Products in Poland with the Use of the Random Forest Algorithm

2019

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The unique set of physical and chemical properties of asbestos has led to its many industrial applications worldwide, of which roofing and facades constitute approximately 80% of currently used asbestos-containing products. Since asbestos-containing products are harmful to human health, their use and production have been banned in many countries. To date, no research has been undertaken to estimate the total amount of asbestos-cement products used at the country level in relation to regions or other administrative units. The objective of this paper is to present a possible new solution for developing the spatial distribution of asbestos-cement products used across the country by applying the supervised machine learning algorithm, i.e., Random Forest. Based on the results of a physical inventory taken on asbestos-cement products with the use of aerial imagery, and the application of selected features, considering the socio-economic situation of Poland, i.e., population, buildings, public finance, housing economy and municipal infrastructure, wages, salaries and social security benefits, agricultural census, entities of the national economy, labor market, environment protection, area of built-up surfaces, historical belonging to annexations, and data on asbestos manufacturing plants, best Random Forest models were computed. The selection of important variables was made in the R v.3.1.0 program and supported by the Boruta algorithm. The prediction of the amount of asbestos-cement products used in communes was executed in the randomForest package. An algorithm explaining 75.85% of the variance was subsequently used to prepare the prediction map of the spatial distribution of the amount of asbestos-cement products used in Poland. The total amount was estimated at 710,278,645 m 2 (7.8 million tons). Since the best model used data on built-up surfaces which are available for the whole of Europe, it is worth considering the use of the developed method in other European countries, as well as to assess the environmental risk of asbestos exposure to humans.

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Estimation of the amount of asbestos-cement roofing in Poland

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Asbestos as a Result of Consumption and Use in Poland

Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Asbestos as a Result of Consumption and Use in Poland

Asbestos Exposure and the Mesothelioma Incidence in Poland

Modelling the Spatial Distribution of Asbestos—Cement Products in Poland with the Use of the Random Forest Algorithm

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