Estimation of the dietary intake and risk assessment of food carcinogens (3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP) in soy sauces by Monte Carlo simulation

Wong, Siew Fang; Lee, Bai Qin; Low, Kah Hin; Jenatabadi, Hashem Salarzadeh; Radzi, Che Wan Jasimah Wan Mohamed; Khor, Sook Mei

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126033

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The exposures corresponded to 0.03-0.07% of the PMTDI for average consumers and 0.10-0.20% for 95th percentile high consumers, respectively. This is similar to the result of Malaysian people, which was 0.05% of PMTDI for male and 0.06% of PMTDI for female (Wong et al, 2020). This shows that the exposure to 3-MCPD from soy sauce is of low concern in Koreans.…”

Section: Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It is lower than daily intakes of other Asian countries: Japan (30.00 g) and China (10.70 g) (Kobayashi, 2013;Chinese Ministry of Health, 2004). On the other hand, it is Proportion of acid hydrolyzed soy sauce listed in the label c N.D. not detected slightly higher than Malaysian intake, which was 6.26 g for male and 6.03 g for female (Wong et al, 2020).…”

Section: Estimated Intakementioning

confidence: 67%

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Assessment of estimated daily intake of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol from soy sauce in Korea

Jang

Koh

2020

Food Sci Biotechnol

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Soy sauces collected from the Korean market were determined for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and daily intake of 3-MCPD through the consumption of soy sauce was estimated. Thirty-one samples were chosen based on a market share in 2017. The amount of 3-MCPD varied from not detected to 54.97 lg/kg with a mean value of 11.62 lg/kg. Seven soy sauces, which corresponded to 23% of the analysed samples, exceeded 20 lg/kg that is a maximum limit established by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea. Daily intake of 3-MCPD was estimated as 1.22 ng/kg body weight (bw) for average consumers and 4.47 ng/kg bw for 95th high consumers, respectively. The exposure for average consumers amounted to 0.03-0.11% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI, 4 lg/kg bw). This indicates that the exposure to 3-MCPD from soy sauce is of low concern in the Korean population.

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Section: Risk Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Estimated Intakementioning

confidence: 67%

Assessment of estimated daily intake of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol from soy sauce in Korea

Jang

Koh

2020

Food Sci Biotechnol

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“…1,2 Studies have shown that a long-term intake of 3-MCPD at a low content may lower the sperm count, disturb the balance of sex hormones in the body, and even may be carcinogenic if exceeding certain amounts. 3,4 Recently, some methods have been developed to detect 3-MCPD, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 5 and gas chromatography (GC). In most studies, due to the low molecular weight of 3-MCPD, the observed limit values are somewhat poor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of chloropropanol with an imprinted electrochemical sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes/metal–organic framework composites

Han

Ding

et al. 2021

RSC Adv.

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“…The methylmercury intake was probabilistically estimated using Crystal Ball (Oracle © , Redwood City, CA, USA) with a Monte Carlo simulation. Monte Carlo simulation is well known as one of the most powerful method to analyze complex problems which may occur on sceneries related with food safety and the estimated intakes using this method have been reported for a number of harmful substances [19][20][21] . In the simulation we performed, in each trial, one methylmercury concentration and one amount of consumption in the corresponding group were randomly generated according to the distribution.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Estimation of Dietary Intake of Methylmercury from Fish in Japan

2021

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Dietary intake of methylmercury from fish was estimated via Monte Carlo simulation using data for methylmercury concentrations in 210 fish samples and data regarding fish consumption extracted from the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey. The fish analyzed were classified into 5 groups according to categories used in the survey. The distribution of consumption of fish from each group was used without fitting to statistical distributions. A log-normal distribution was fitted to the distribution of methylmercury concentration in each fish group. Two random numbers that followed these distributions were generated, and a trial value was calculated by multiplying these random numbers. The trial value was divided by the body weight (50 kg) to arrive at an estimate of dietary methylmercury intake. A total of 100,000 Monte Carlo simulation iterations were performed. The estimated mean daily intake of methylmercury was 0.093 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day. This value is well below the tolerable daily intake of 0.292 µg/kg bw/day calculated from the tolerable weekly intake (2.0 µg/ kg bw/week) established by the Food Safety Commission of Japan. The probability that the daily intake of methylmercury exceeds the tolerable daily intake was 7.6%. As there are no data regarding fish consumption for consecutive days, estimation of the weekly intake of methylmercury is a subject for future studies.

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Estimation of the dietary intake and risk assessment of food carcinogens (3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP) in soy sauces by Monte Carlo simulation

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of estimated daily intake of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol from soy sauce in Korea

Assessment of estimated daily intake of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol from soy sauce in Korea

Determination of chloropropanol with an imprinted electrochemical sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes/metal–organic framework composites

Probabilistic Estimation of Dietary Intake of Methylmercury from Fish in Japan

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