Estimation of the Diversity Factor for the Iraqi Distribution System Using intelligent Methods

Al-Hafid, Majed S. M.; Al-Fahadi, A. S.; Al-Nama, M. A.

doi:10.33899/rengj.2009.38581

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Alternatively, consider a mutation in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene that affects nervous system function and skin pigmentation. These dissimilar effects, both symptoms of untreated phenylketonuria (PKU), originate from the same problem: a deficiency in converting phenylalanine to tyrosine [ 46 ]. Is it appropriate to call mutations that have this single metabolic effect pleiotropic?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent and context dependence of pleiotropy revealed by high-throughput single-cell phenotyping

Geiler-Samerotte

Lazaris

et al. 2020

PLoS Biol

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Pleiotropy-when a single mutation affects multiple traits-is a controversial topic with farreaching implications. Pleiotropy plays a central role in debates about how complex traits evolve and whether biological systems are modular or are organized such that every gene has the potential to affect many traits. Pleiotropy is also critical to initiatives in evolutionary medicine that seek to trap infectious microbes or tumors by selecting for mutations that encourage growth in some conditions at the expense of others. Research in these fields, and others, would benefit from understanding the extent to which pleiotropy reflects inherent relationships among phenotypes that correlate no matter the perturbation (vertical pleiotropy). Alternatively, pleiotropy may result from genetic changes that impose correlations between otherwise independent traits (horizontal pleiotropy). We distinguish these possibilities by using clonal populations of yeast cells to quantify the inherent relationships between single-cell morphological features. Then, we demonstrate how often these relationships underlie vertical pleiotropy and how often these relationships are modified by genetic variants (quantitative trait loci [QTL]) acting via horizontal pleiotropy. Our comprehensive screen measures thousands of pairwise trait correlations across hundreds of thousands of yeast cells and reveals ample evidence of both vertical and horizontal pleiotropy. Additionally, we observe that the correlations between traits can change with the environment, genetic background, and cell-cycle position. These changing dependencies suggest a nuanced view of pleiotropy: biological systems demonstrate limited pleiotropy in any given context, but across contexts (e.g., across diverse environments and genetic backgrounds) each genetic change has the potential to influence a larger number of traits. Our method suggests that exploiting pleiotropy for applications in evolutionary medicine would benefit from focusing on traits with correlations that are less dependent on context.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent and context dependence of pleiotropy revealed by high-throughput single-cell phenotyping

Geiler-Samerotte

Lazaris

et al. 2020

PLoS Biol

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Energy Efficiency Enhancement for Residential Sector: Case Study of Lighting in Iraq

Ameen¹,

Alyozbaky²,

Al-Hafidh³

2021

(AREJ)

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The electrical energy crisis is a global problem that all developing countries face in general and Iraq in particular. A lot of body in the literature holds that lifestyle and consumption choices strongly affect residential energy consumption. Hitherto releasing energy savings in households is not simple. Previous studies indicate that the lighting requirements for the residential sector consume a significant amount of Iraq's energy resources. In this study, the authors analyzed the energy consumption of 48 samples of residential loads at different dwellings in the country. In addition, the simulation study based on the DIALUX Evo 8 lighting software has been conducted, which shows the energy consumption savings for various types of luminaires. The results clearly show that a relatively large portion of lighting system consumption is because of the poor distribution of lighting fixtures and the use of relatively high-consuming traditional lighting luminaires. The study deduces that the energy efficiency of the lighting system may be improved by about 60% by simply replacing the traditional lighting systems with modern LED-technology-based systems. It is also necessary to redistribute lighting fixtures using state-of-the-art lighting software for achieving adequate levels of lighting and visual comfort for humans.

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Estimation of the Diversity Factor for the Iraqi Distribution System Using intelligent Methods

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Extent and context dependence of pleiotropy revealed by high-throughput single-cell phenotyping

Extent and context dependence of pleiotropy revealed by high-throughput single-cell phenotyping

Energy Efficiency Enhancement for Residential Sector: Case Study of Lighting in Iraq

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