“…These effects can be considered even higher-order corrections, but prove essential in, for example, the determination of the antineutrino mass in the tritium system. After comments by Bergkvist (1971), an extensive amount of literature was produced on the atomic and molecular effects on the endpoint energy of tritium (Arafune and Watanabe, 1986;Budick, 1983;Claxton et al, 1992;Durand and Lopez, 1987;Fackler et al, 1985;Froelich et al, 1993;Froelich and Saenz, 1996;Glushkov et al, 2009;Harston and Pyper, 1993;Kaplan et al, 1982;Kolos et al, 1988Kolos et al, , 1985Law, 1981;Lindhard and Hansen, 1986;Lopez and Durand, 1988;Strobel et al, 1984;Szalewicz et al, 1987;Williams and Koonin, 1983). Driven by experimental discrepancies (Backe et al, 1993;Belesev et al, 1995;Lobashev et al, 1999;Weinheimer et al, 1999), this culminated in the seminal works by Saenz and Froelich (Doss, 2007;Doss et al, 2006;Jonsell et al, 1999;Saenz and Froelich, 1997a,b;Saenz et al, 2000), describing in an ab initio and analytical way the influence of additional molecular electrons and spectator nuclei.…”