Estimation of the effects of selection on French Large White reproductive performance using frozen semen

Silalahi, Parsaoran; Tribout, Thierry; Prunier, Armelle; Billon, Yvon; Gogué, Jean-Marcel; Bidanel, Jean Pierre

doi:10.2527/jas.2016-0540

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In polytocous livestock species, litter size is studied in order to increase prolificacy, which is the result of complex interactions between male, female, and embryo genotypes [ 6 ], although genetic or permanent environmental factors are of low importance due to the high variability in litter size [ 7 ]. The success of selection for high prolificacy may be due largely to an increase in the number of corpora lutea [ 8 , 9 ], with associated negative consequences for the resulting foetal-placental units [ 9 – 11 ]. Indeed, in pigs, it has been shown that selection for increased litter size leads to a significantly lower mean birth weight and a greater percentage of small piglets born [ 12 , 13 ], with the possibility of various degrees of intrauterine growth retardation occurring in these small piglets [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic selection against intrauterine growth retardation in piglets: a problem at the piglet level with a solution at the sow level

2018

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BackgroundIn polytocous livestock species, litter size and offspring weight act antagonistically; in modern pig breeds, selection for increased litter size has resulted in lower mean birth weights, an increased number of small piglets and an increased number of those affected by varying degrees of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). IUGR poses life-long challenges, both mental, with morphological brain changes and altered cognition, and physical, such as immaturity of organs, reduced colostrum intake and weight gain. In pigs, head morphology of newborn piglets is a good phenotypic marker for identifying such compromised piglets. Growth retardation could be considered as a property of the dam, in part due to either uterine capacity or insufficiency. A novel approach to this issue is to consider the proportion of IUGR-affected piglets in a litter as an indirect measure of uterine capacity. However, uterine capacity or sufficiency cannot be equated solely to litter size and thus is a trait difficult to measure on farm.ResultsA total of 21,159 Landrace × Large White or Landrace × White Duroc piglets (born over 52 weeks) with recorded head morphology and birth weights were followed from birth until death or weaning. At the piglet level, the estimated heritability for IUGR (as defined by head morphology) was low at 0.01 ± 0.01. Piglet direct genetic effects of birth weight (h2 = 0.07 ± 0.02) were strongly negatively correlated with head morphology (− 0.93), in that IUGR-affected piglets tended to have lower birth weights. At the sow level, analysis of the proportion of IUGR-affected piglets in a litter gave a heritability of 0.20 ± 0.06, with high and negative genetic correlations of the proportion of IUGR-affected piglets with average offspring birth weight (− 0.90) and with the proportion of piglets surviving until 24 h (− 0.80).ConclusionsThis suggests that the proportion of IUGR-affected piglets in a litter is a suitable indirect measure of uterine capacity for inclusion in breeding programmes that aim at reducing IUGR in piglets and improving piglet survival.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic selection against intrauterine growth retardation in piglets: a problem at the piglet level with a solution at the sow level

2018

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“…feed efficiency and homogeneity and robustness. Silalahi et al [26] argued that animals selected for high production efficiency might be more susceptible to behavioral, physiological, or immunological problems, thus making them less robust [27–29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feed restriction on the environmental variability of birth weight in divergently selected lines of mice

et al. 2019

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Background Selection of mice for decreased environmental variability of birth weight has achieved higher survivability and larger litter size as a correlated response to canalized selection, which suggests higher welfare and robustness, and animals that are more homogeneous. However, in these studies, animals were not exposed to an environmental challenge. To demonstrate the advantages of this mouse line with a low environmental variability of birth weight, animals from two divergent lines (high and low variability of birth weight) were subjected to feed restriction. The objective of this study was to use these divergent lines to compare their response in terms of robustness against an environmental challenge. At weaning, 120 females, i.e. four full-sib females from 10 random litters of three consecutive generations of selection, were chosen from these divergent lines. The total number of females was divided into four groups, which were subjected to a feeding regimen by imposing different levels of feed restriction (i.e. 75, 90 and 85% of full ad libitum feed across three generations, respectively) in different combinations during the growth and reproduction periods. Results Animals from the “low” line were less sensitive to a change in feed level than those from the “high” line. Regarding reproduction, the “low” line performed better in terms of number of females having parturitions, number of parturitions, and litter size. Imposing a feed restriction on female mice during their growth period did not affect the birth weight of their pups. The “low” line was preferred because of its higher reproductive efficiency and survival under an environmental challenge. Conclusions Selection for decreased environmental variability of birth weight produces animals that are less sensitive to environmental conditions, which can be interpreted as having greater robustness.

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“…L'estimation des évolutions génétiques à partir de semence congelée leur est tout à fait complémentaire, dans la mesure où elle est non limitée en termes de caractères mesurés et ne dépend pas du modèle utilisé pour l'évaluation. De fait, la semence congelée des verrats nés en 1977, évoqués ci-dessus, a été à nouveau utilisée au début des années 2000 pour estimer les évolutions génétiques sur la période 1977-1998 pour un grand nombre de caractères mesurés sur le porc en croissance dans les races LW et LR (Bazin et al, 2003), complétée en race LW par des estimations pour les caractères de reproduction, de comportement (Canario et al, 2007a ;Tribout et al, 2010 ;Canario et al, 2014 ;Silalahi et al, 2016 ;2017).…”

Section: Contrôle De L'efficacité Des Programmes Et éValuation Des (Combinaisons De) Types Génétiquesunclassified

“…Les valeurs initiales pour chaque race sont fixées arbitrairement pour permettre de différencier les courbes. Silalahi et al (2016). Elles le sont moins avec les estimations de Molénat et al (1986) et d'Ollivier et al (1991 mais, comme le discutent Ollivier et al (1991), ces dernières sont vraisemblablement surestimées.…”

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Cinquante années d’amélioration génétique du porc en France : bilan et perspectives

et al. 2020

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Cette synthèse fait le point sur les principales évolutions de l’amélioration génétique du porc en France depuis la loi sur l’élevage de 1966. Elle évoque rapidement les 20 premières années, qui ont fait l’objet d’une synthèse en 1986, puis décrit plus en détail les évolutions ultérieures. Les objectifs de sélection, initialement limités aux caractères de production, se sont complexifiés avec la prise en compte de la qualité de la viande, puis de la prolificité et enfin des aptitudes maternelles des truies. La mise en place d’une évaluation génétique utilisant la méthodologie du « BLUP - modèle animal » au milieu des années 1990 et le développement de l’insémination artificielle ont profondément changé le travail des sélectionneurs. Une nouvelle évolution majeure, la sélection génomique, a récemment été mise en place. La sélection a conduit à des améliorations importantes des performances pour les principaux caractères de l’objectif de sélection depuis 1970 : plus de 200 g de gain moyen quotidien, plus de 0,5 point d’indice de consommation, plus de 12 points de taux de viande maigre dans la carcasse, jusqu’à près de six porcelets nés vifs par portée supplémentaires. Ces évolutions favorables ont réduit l’empreinte environnementale de la production, mais ont également eu des effets défavorables : une augmentation la mortalité des porcelets avant sevrage et une plus grande hétérogénéité des performances. Les enjeux pour l’avenir en termes d’objectifs d’amélioration génétique (prise en compte de caractères liés au bien-être, à la robustesse et à l’adaptation…), de méthodes et d’outils sont ensuite discutés.

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Estimation of the effects of selection on French Large White reproductive performance using frozen semen

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Genetic selection against intrauterine growth retardation in piglets: a problem at the piglet level with a solution at the sow level

Genetic selection against intrauterine growth retardation in piglets: a problem at the piglet level with a solution at the sow level

Effect of feed restriction on the environmental variability of birth weight in divergently selected lines of mice

Cinquante années d’amélioration génétique du porc en France : bilan et perspectives

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