Estimation of the Functional Reserve of Human Liver

Moody, Frank G.; Rikkers, Layton F.; Aldrete, Joaquín S.

doi:10.1097/00000658-197410000-00024

Cited by 122 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The indocyanine green (Diagnogreen; Dai-ichi Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) retention rate 15 minutes after injection of the dye (0.5 mg/kg) was used as an indicator of hepatic functional reserve (reference range, Յ 10%). 23,24 …”

Section: Laboratory Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 expression is an adverse prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma

Cruz

Wakai

Shirai

et al. 2005

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUNDCarcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a negative regulator of tumor cell growth, and may function as a tumor suppressor. CEACAM1 expression is down‐regulated with increasing histologic grade in a number of malignancies. The authors hypothesized that loss of CEACAM1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells may function as an adverse prognostic factor.METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted of 139 consecutive patients who underwent resection for HCC, with a median follow‐up period of 83 months. Immunohistochemistry of the resected specimens was conducted using a monoclonal anti‐CEACAM1 antibody. CEACAM1 expression in HCC was classified into two categories: diffuse expression, characterized by positive staining throughout the tumor specimen, or loss of expression, in which there were distinct areas of negative staining within the tumor specimen.RESULTSOf the 139 patients, 113 were classified as having tumors with diffuse expression and 26 had loss‐of‐expression tumors. Loss of CEACAM1 expression was more frequent in tumor specimens with Edmondson–Steiner Grades III or IV (21 of 32 [66%]) than in tumor specimens with Grades I or II (5 of 107 [5%]; P < 0.001) and was always seen in areas with the highest histologic grade. Loss of CEACAM1 expression was significantly associated with large tumor size, multiplicity of the tumor, portal vein invasion, and satellite nodules and affected survival adversely, according to univariate (P < 0.0001) and multivariate analyses (relative risk, 5.737; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSLoss of CEACAM1 expression reflects aggressive tumor biology and thus indicates a poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

show abstract

Section: Laboratory Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 expression is an adverse prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma

Cruz

Wakai

Shirai

et al. 2005

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Blood samples were collected from the left tail vein before and 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after ICG injection according to a previously reported procedure [2, 9, Indocyanine green (ICG), a tricarbocyanine dye, is normally used to assess hepatic function by measuring the plasma retention of this dye after intravenous administration to either animals [4,7,14,20] or human beings [1,7,15]. ICG possesses various advantages as compared to sulfobromophthalein (BSP); distribution in the plasma volume without extravascular distribution, removal exclusively by the liver into bile without biotransformation, lack of enterohepatic circulation [12,15,19] and low incidence of adverse reactions [1]. In human beings, moreover, ICG maximal removal rate (ICG Rmax) calculated by a Lineweaver-Burk plot [16] based on a Michaelis-Menten kinetics [18] has been extensively used as an indicator in predicting hepatic functional reserve (mass) [19,21].…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ICG possesses various advantages as compared to sulfobromophthalein (BSP); distribution in the plasma volume without extravascular distribution, removal exclusively by the liver into bile without biotransformation, lack of enterohepatic circulation [12,15,19] and low incidence of adverse reactions [1]. In human beings, moreover, ICG maximal removal rate (ICG Rmax) calculated by a Lineweaver-Burk plot [16] based on a Michaelis-Menten kinetics [18] has been extensively used as an indicator in predicting hepatic functional reserve (mass) [19,21]. Unlike determination of the plasma retention of ICG, the ICG Rmax is little influenced by reduced systemic flow, because removal rates of graded, submaximal ICG doses were administered.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Maximal Removal Rate of Indocyanine Green to the Determination of Hepatic Functional Mass in Conscious Rats.

Inage

Furuhama

1997

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. We established a versatile method for the measurement of indocyanine green maximal removal rate (ICG Rmax) to detect hepatic functional mass in conscious rats using a repeated blood sampling procedure. On investigation of the optimal technical conditions, the appropriate intravenous administered doses of ICG were 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg, and the best blood collection times for calculating plasma half-life at these doses were immediately before, and 4, 7 and 10 min after ICG injection. The interval among the respective ICG injections was more than 4 hr. In hepatectomized rats, the ICG Rmax value was reduced to about 50% and 20% of sham-operated rats in mean 2/3 and 4/5 liver resections, respectively, suggesting that it would almost extrapolate to hepatic surviving reserves under these experimental conditions. In rats treated subcutaneously with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 , 0.1 and 0.25 ml/kg) thrice weekly during a 17-week period (120 days), a decrease in ICG Rmax value did not correlate with increases in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin values throughout the experimental periods. However, the reduced ICG Rmax well correlated with decreases in serum albumin and cholinesterase (CHE) values from day 50. Histological examinations in the liver revealed that nodules of hepatocytes were separated by thick fibrous bands, defining the typical aspect of cirrhosis on day 30 to 90. These results suggest that the measurement of ICG Rmax is a valuable tool for the estimation of hepatic functional integrity in rats. -KEY WORDS: CCl 4 , hepatectomy, hepatic functional mass, ICG Rmax, rat.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59 (5): [335][336][337][338][339][340] 1997 serum biochemical compositions such as alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, albumin and cholinesterase (CHE) values in rats treated subcutaneously with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) for long terms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals:Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 4 weeks were purchased from Japan S. L. C. (Hamamatsu, Japan), housed 2 or 3 per wire-mesh cage in an air-conditioned room and acclimated to the laboratory environment (temperature, 23 ± 2°C; humidity, 55 ± 15%; light cycle, 12 hr/day) for 1 to 3 weeks. They were given a commercial standard laboratory chow (F-2, Funabashi Farm, Japan) and tap water ad libitum. Before the experiments, the animals were fasted for at least 18 hr with free access to water, unless otherwise stated. All rats were treated humanely, and study protocols were in accordance with our institutional guideline for use of laboratory animals.Measurement of ICG Rmax: Six-week-old SD rats (165-195 g) were divided into five groups of 4 animals each to establish appropriate administration doses of ICG for the measurement of ICG Rmax. Five increasing doses (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) of ICG were administered intravenously at an interval of 2 to 4 hr from the lowest dose into the right tail vein of the same rat by use of a 2.5-ml syringe attached to a 25-gauge needl...

show abstract

“…Although these clinical parameters are indeed useful for assessing hepatic functional reserve, discrepancies between them and histological findings are common, suggesting in turn that the parameters do not always accurately reflect hepatic functional reserve (8,9). Reserve function is often assessed by scintigraphy, particularly in Japan using technetium-99m-galactosyl human serum albumin (Tc-99m-GSA), a synthetic radioligand that binds to the asialoglycoprotein receptor on the plasma membrane of liver cells (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Kupffer cell function and hepatocyte function in chronic viral hepatitis evaluated with superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy using technetium-99m-labelled galactosyl human serum albumin

Tonan

Fujimoto

Qayyum

et al. 2011

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Kupffer cells contribute to the pathogenesis of liver injury in chronic liver disease, yet it is difficult to assess Kupffer cell function either ex vivo or in vivo, since supporting data are limited. The aim of this study was to clarify the relation between Kupffer cell function and hepatocyte function by analyzing the correlation between conventional indices of hepatic functional reserve and both superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MRI (SPIO-MRI) and technetium-99m-galactosyl human serum albumin scintigraphy (Tc-99m-GSA) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Consecutive 46 patients (16 patients with chronic hepatitis and 30 patients with cirrhosis) who underwent both SPIO-MRI and Tc-99m-GSA were examined. The patients were aged 46-83 years (median 70) and included 29 men and 17 women. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between functional reserve indices and both reduction percentages of liver-to-muscle signal intensity ratio (reduction-%LMR), as a surrogate parameter of Kupffer cell function and Tc-99m-GSA parameters. The usefulness of each parameter as a marker to differentiate Child-Pugh A from Child-Pugh B/C was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The reduction-%LMR correlated more closely with Child-Pugh score (r=0.77; P<0.001) than did Tc-99m-GSA parameters. For predicting Child-Pugh B/C, ROC analysis revealed that reduction-%LMR (AUC=0.91, P<0.001) was the most useful parameter and at a cutoff value of 50% or less, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.79, 0.91, 0.94 and 0.71, respectively. SPIO-MRI may be a helpful non-invasive method for the evaluation of hepatic functional reserve, and this study suggests that Kupffer cell function is closely correlated with hepatocyte function in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. IntroductionProper assessment of hepatic functional reserve is crucial to the selection of patients for hepatic surgery, particularly in liver transplantation and the management of liver cirrhosis. The Child-Pugh score (1,2) is now used worldwide as the standard in the assessment of hepatic functional reserve (3). Given the relation between this score and survival in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, it has recently been listed as one of the parameters in the minimal criteria of the liver transplant Abbreviations: SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide; Tc-99m-GSA-scintigraphy, scintigraphy using technetium-99m-labelled galactosyl human serum albumin; GRE, gradient-recalled echo; ROIs, regions of interest; %LMR, percentages of liver-to-muscle signal intensity ratio; H15, uptake ratio of the heart at 15 min after Tc-99m-GSA injection; H3, uptake ratio of the heart at 3 min after Tc-99m-GSA injection; HH15, index of blood clearance = H15/H3; L15, radioactivity of the liver at 15 min after Tc-99m-GSA injection; LHL15, the receptor index = L15/(H15 + L15); ICG15, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min; ROC analysis, receiver operating characteristic analysisKey words: chro...

show abstract

Estimation of the Functional Reserve of Human Liver

Cited by 122 publications

References 7 publications

Loss of carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 expression is an adverse prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma

Loss of carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 expression is an adverse prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma

Application of Maximal Removal Rate of Indocyanine Green to the Determination of Hepatic Functional Mass in Conscious Rats.

Correlation of Kupffer cell function and hepatocyte function in chronic viral hepatitis evaluated with superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy using technetium-99m-labelled galactosyl human serum albumin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About