Estimation of the Highest Chromosome Number of Eukaryotes Based on the Minimum Interaction Theory

Imai, Hirotami T.; Satta, Yoko; Wada, Masayasu Y.; Takahata, Naoyuki

doi:10.1006/jtbi.2002.3016

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…By comparing the chromosomes of different taxa much can be learned about patterns and mechanisms of karyotype evolution and its significance for diversification and speciation (Weiss-Schneeweiss and Schneeweiss 2013). Based on a theoretic approach, the minimum-interaction hypothesis states that long-term chromosome evolution usually tends to evolve as a whole towards increasing number and acrocentric chromosomes through centric fission (Imai et al 1986); this trend is beneficial in diminishing genetic threats due to harmful reciprocal translocations and in increasing the potential of genetic divergence (Imai et al 2002). Asymmetric karyotypes in higher plants are considered to occur in more evolutionarily advanced taxa (Vosa 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological studies of sporophytic and gametophytic generation of two bulbaceous speciesLedebouria revolutaandDrimiopsis botryoides(Asparagaceae)

Haque

Ghosh

2015

Caryologia

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Detailed cytological characteristics of both sporophytic as well as gametophytic generation of two bulbaceous species, Ledebouria revoluta and Drimiopsis botryoides, were studied by investigating together pollen mitosis and root tip mitosis along with meiosis. A comparative study showed there was no significant difference between chromosome characteristics of haploid and diploid plants. The chromosome number of L. revoluta was 2n = 30 (in root tip) and n = 15 (in pollen) and that of D. botryoides was 2n = 66 (in root tip) and n = 33 (in pollen). Both genera have a monomodal chromosome with gradual decreases in size from the longest, 6.79 μm, to the shortest, 1.50 μm, in L. revoluta, and 9.65 to 1.55 μm in D. botryoides. The karyotypic formula of L. revoluta was 20m + 10sm and D. botryoides was 30m + 14sm + 16 st + 6t. All the meiotic events were found to be normal in both genera and a clear 15 and 33 bivalents were observed in L. revoluta and D. botryoides accordingly. Very few meiotic abnormalities were observed in L. revoluta (about 2.4%); a comparatively higher percentage (nearly 7.9%) of abnormalities were observed in D. botryoides in the form of laggard, bridge, chromosome stickiness, early or late anaphasic movement, etc. However, the ultimate product of meiosis, i.e. microspores/pollens, are normal with an expected haploid chromosome number (n = 15 and 33 accordingly). Overall, L. revoluta is karyotypically less asymmetrical with a lower chromosome number than D. botryoides, indicating that D. botryoides is evolutionarily more advanced than L. revoluta.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological studies of sporophytic and gametophytic generation of two bulbaceous speciesLedebouria revolutaandDrimiopsis botryoides(Asparagaceae)

Haque

Ghosh

2015

Caryologia

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“…Thus, there is a large gap between different authorsÕ estimations for the ancestral chromosome number in ÔturbellariansÕ. According to Imai et al (2002), 2n ¼ 2 comprises the ancestral chromosome number of various eukaryotic taxa including ÔturbellariansÕ, as opposed to Birstein (1991), who proposes 2n ¼ 16-20 for all ÔturbellarianÕ taxa. The latter number is in accordance with chromosome findings in many taxons, including Microstomum bispiralis with 2n ¼ 16 (Stirewalt 1937).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome fission or duplication in Macrostomum lignano (Macrostomorpha, Plathelminthes) - remarks on chromosome numbers in 'archoophoran turbellarians'

Egger

Ishida

2005

J Zoological System

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Mitotic metaphase plates of a new species of the genus Macrostomum were studied using conventional Giemsa staining, Orcein staining and semi‐thin sections stained after Richardson. Because of the ease in culturing it, this species has the potential to become the new model organism for developmental and evolutionary studies among the lower metazoa. The chromosome number was found to be 2n = 8. Reaching a relative length of 45.9% of the haploid genome size, the chromosomes of one pair were significantly larger than all other chromosomes. Of the smaller pairs, chromosomes of one pair were slightly larger (relative length of 21.3%) than the chromosomes of the remaining two pairs (each with a relative length of 16.4%). All chromosomes were metacentric (2m + 2m + 2m + 2m). For the first time, a diploid chromosome set of four pairs was described for the genus, as compared with previous studies showing predominantly 2n = 6 for 20 different Macrostomum species.

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“…Trends and mechanisms of chromosome number and chromosome structure changes are currently a matter of a sharp discussion ( Qumslyeh 1994 , Imai et al 2002 , Eichler and Sankoff 2003 , Schubert 2007 , Lukhtanov et al 2005 , 2011 , 2015a , Vila et al 2010 , Dincă et al 2011 , Bureš and Zedek 2014 , Fleischmann et al 2014 , Lukhtanov 2014 , Vershinina et al 2015 ). These changes are important in evolution of eukaryotic organisms since they can trigger speciation via hybrid-sterility or/and via suppressed-recombination mechanisms ( Faria and Navarro 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The blue butterfly Polyommatus (Plebicula) atlanticus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) holds the record of the highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms

Lukhtanov¹

2015

CCG

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The blue butterfly species Polyommatus (Plebicula) atlanticus (Elwes, 1906) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) is known to have a very high haploid number of chromosomes (n= circa 223). However, this approximate count made by Hugo de Lesse 45 years ago was based on analysis of a single meiotic I metaphase plate, not confirmed by study of diploid chromosome set and not documented by microphotographs. Here I demonstrate that (1) Polyommatus atlanticus is a diploid (non-polyploid) species, (2) its meiotic I chromosome complement includes at least 224-226 countable chromosome bodies, and (3) all (or nearly all) chromosome elements in meiotic I karyotype are represented by bivalents. I also provide the first data on the diploid karyotype and estimate the diploid chromosome number as 2n=ca448-452. Thus, Polyommatus atlanticus is confirmed to possess the highest chromosome number among all the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms.

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Estimation of the Highest Chromosome Number of Eukaryotes Based on the Minimum Interaction Theory

Cited by 14 publications

References 77 publications

Cytological studies of sporophytic and gametophytic generation of two bulbaceous speciesLedebouria revolutaandDrimiopsis botryoides(Asparagaceae)

Cytological studies of sporophytic and gametophytic generation of two bulbaceous speciesLedebouria revolutaandDrimiopsis botryoides(Asparagaceae)

Chromosome fission or duplication in Macrostomum lignano (Macrostomorpha, Plathelminthes) - remarks on chromosome numbers in 'archoophoran turbellarians'

The blue butterfly Polyommatus (Plebicula) atlanticus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) holds the record of the highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms

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