Estimation of the optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for eight- to twenty-five-kilogram pigs in diets containing spray-dried blood cells or corn gluten feed as a protein source

Wiltafsky, Markus; Bartelt, J.; Relandeau, C.; Roth, F. X.

doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1320

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In Experiment 3, the excessive supply of Leu corresponded to ,175% of the requirement, and this supply of Leu appeared to be insufficient to increase Val requirement. Our results also contrast with studies dealing with the Ile-Leu antagonism where the requirement for Ile appears to increase when Leu is supplied in excess (Dean et al, 2005;Wiltafsky et al, 2009a). These authors observed an important response to Ile supply when blood cells were used in the diet.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

Gloaguen

Floc'H

Brossard

et al. 2011

Animal

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The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) are considered to be among the next-limiting amino acids for growth in piglets. In earlier studies, we estimated the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val : Lys (lysine) requirement to be at least 70%, whereas the Ile : Lys requirement may be as low as 50%. Because the BCAA partially share a common route of catabolism, the supply of one BCAA may affect the availability of the other BCAA. Four experiments were conducted to determine the response of 6-week-old piglets to the Val supply in relation to the other BCAA. A deficient supply of Val or Ile typically results in a reduction in average daily feed intake (ADFI). Experiment 1 was designed to determine the effect of a limiting Val supply, independent of the effect on feed intake. In a dose-response study using restrictively fed piglets, nitrogen retention did not increase for an SID Val : Lys supply greater than 64%. In the remaining experiments, piglets were offered feed ad libitum using ADFI, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio as response criteria. The interaction between the Val and leucine (Leu) was studied in Experiment 2 in a 2 3 2 factorial design (60% and 70% SID Val : Lys, and 111% and 165% SID Leu : Lys). Performance was considerably lower in piglets receiving 60% Val : Lys compared with those receiving 70% Val : Lys and was lowest in piglets receiving the diet with low Val and high Leu content. To further evaluate the interaction between Val and Leu, a dose-response study was carried out in which the response to Val supply was studied in combination with high Leu supply (165% Leu : Lys). Using a curvilinear-plateau model, the average SID Val : Lys requirement was 72%. However, low Val supply (60% SID Val : Lys) reduced performance by 13% to 38%, which was much greater than what we observed in earlier studies. Experiment 4 was carried out to test the hypothesis that the Val requirement is not affected by low Ile supply (50% SID Ile : Lys). Performance was not improved for Val : Lys supplies greater than 65%, which may indicate that Ile (and not Lys) was second-limiting in this study. In conclusion, the first response of piglets to deficient Val supply appears to be a reduction in ADFI, rather than a reduction in ADG or nitrogen retention. A large supply of Leu may not affect the Val requirement per se, but may aggravate the consequences of Val deficiency.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are some reports of a growth response to Ile in diets without blood products (e.g. Wiltafsky et al, 2009a), others failed to obtain such a response (e.g. Barea et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

Gloaguen

Floc'H

Brossard

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…It is reported that an AA imbalance would result in elevated transamination of all AA, which would result in a higher urea concentration in blood (Pedersen and Boisen, 2001;Parr et al, 2003;Wiltafsky et al, 2009) and urine (Brown and Cline, 1974), and therefore PUN or urinary urea content could be an indicator of a balanced diet regarding the AA profile. In our study, however, neither PUN nor urinary urea to creatinine ratio showed a response to increasing SID Val : Lys in the diet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio for 8- to 14-kg pigs

Soumeh

Milgen

Sloth

et al. 2015

Animal

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The objective was to define the Val requirement for weaned piglets in the context of reducing the dietary protein content. A dose-response experiment was conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val to Lys ratio required to support the optimum growth of post-weaned piglets. In this study, 96 pigs weighing 8 kg were allotted to one of six dietary treatments (16 pigs for each dietary treatment) and were housed individually. Diets were formulated to provide 0.58, 0.62, 0.66, 0.70, 0.74 and 0.78 SID Val : Lys by adding graded levels of crystalline L-Val to the 0.58 SID Val : Lys diet. Lysine was sub-limiting and supplied 90% of the recommendation (10.95 g SID Lys/kg equal to 11.8 g/kg total Lys). Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G : F) were determined during a 14-day period of ad libitum feeding. Blood and urine samples were taken at the end of each week (day 7 and 14 of the experiment) 3 h after feeding the experimental diets. ImplicationsThere is an increasing interest in reducing the CP level in pig diets, which allows for further reductions in the excretion of N into the environment and eliminates gut problems and diarrhea of post-weaned piglets caused by high CP level in the diet. Data on the Val requirement are scarce for young pigs and the estimated requirements of 0.70 standardized ileal digestible Val : Lys contributes to the knowledge of the requirements of individual amino acid, which is needed in order to formulate reduced CP diets and support animal growth performance simultaneously.

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“…0.25) for at least a linear response in ADFI or ADG to an increasing Ile concentration, and in most of these experiments the ratio between the minimum and maximum response criterion was greater than 90% (Supplementary material 1). Different factors may have (Brinegar et al, 1950;Becker et al, 1957;Becker et al, 1963;Bravo et al, 1970;Oestemer et al, 1973;Taylor et al, 1985;Bergströ m et al, 1996a and1996b;Lenis and van Diepen, 1997;James et al, 2000;Parr et al, 2003;Kendall, 2004;Kerr et al, 2004;Parr et al, 2004;Dean et al, 2005;Fu, 2005;Wiltafsky et al, 2009;Zhu et al, 2009;Htoo et al, 2010) are experiments where blood meal or blood cells were used as a protein source, whereas open symbols (J) (Henry et al, 1976;Lawrence et al, 2004;Dean et al, 2005;Fu, 2005;Wiltafsky et al, 2009;Trautwein et al, 2010) are experiments where other protein sources were used. The number after the reference indicates that different Ile dose-response experiments were carried out (see Supplementary material 1 and 2 for details).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 of Wiltafsky et al (2009) being the only exception (see also Figure 3). The low Ile concentration of blood meal and blood cells (with, respectively, 15% and 5% SID Ile : Lys) has led to the frequent use of these products in Ile dose-response experiments.…”

Section: Response Of Pigs To Isoleucinementioning

confidence: 86%

Meta-analysis of the response of growing pigs to the isoleucine concentration in the diet

Milgen

Gloaguen

Floc'H

et al. 2012

animal

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The efficiency of nitrogen utilization will be highest when the amino acid (AA) supply approaches the requirement of the animal. With the availability of different crystalline AA, it is theoretically possible to formulate low-protein diets for growing pigs in which seven AA are co-limiting for performance. In such a diet, the concentration of Lys, Met, Met 1 Cys, Thr, Trp and Val and a seventh AA would exactly match the requirement. To determine the extent to which low-protein diets can be used, it is important to have reliable information about the requirements for these AA. Isoleucine is often considered the seventh-limiting AA in diets for growing pigs; however, information about the Ile requirement is limited and sometimes conflicting. The purpose of this study was to carry out a meta-analysis of the available literature information to determine the Ile requirement in growing pigs. A total of 46 Ile dose-response experiments were identified that used at least four concentrations of Ile in the diet. Because of differences in experimental design, both the Ile concentration and the response criteria were standardized. In 13 dose-response experiments, there was no indication of a response to an increasing Ile concentration. For the other 33 experiments, a response to the increasing Ile concentration was observed and the Ile requirement estimates ranged from 53% to 114% of that of the National Research Council (1998). An Ile concentration below the requirement resulted in important reductions in both feed intake and growth. A 10% reduction in the Ile concentration (below the requirement) resulted in a 15% reduction in feed intake and a 21% reduction in daily gain. The use of blood products in the diet was the main factor determining whether a response to the Ile concentration was observed or not. Blood meal and blood cells are protein sources with a very low Ile concentration, but with high or very high concentrations of Leu, Val, Phe and His. Some of these AA compete with Ile for catabolic pathways or transport across the blood-brain barrier, thereby potentially increasing the requirement for Ile. In diets without blood products, the Ile requirement appears to be lower than the currently recommended requirement. On the basis of the outcome of this study, we recommend a Ile : Lys requirement ratio of at least 50% on a standardized ileal digestible basis.

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Estimation of the optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for eight- to twenty-five-kilogram pigs in diets containing spray-dried blood cells or corn gluten feed as a protein source

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

Requirement of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio for 8- to 14-kg pigs

Meta-analysis of the response of growing pigs to the isoleucine concentration in the diet

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