Estimation of the relative contribution of different food and animal sources to human Salmonella infections in the European Union

Pires, Sara Monteiro; Knegt, Leonardo de; Hald, Tine

doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2011.en-184

Cited by 86 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Finally, whilst there is convincing evidence that some human cases of salmonellosis are caused by Salmonella strains that are found in pigs (Kirchner et al, 2011), the overall proportion of human salmonellosis that can be attributed to pigs remains uncertain. However, based on a "contribution of food sources to human salmonellosis" study using 2007-2009 data, it was estimated that, 26.9% and 11.7% of cases of human salmonellosis were Final.docx attributable to pigs in the EU and in the UK respectively (Pires et al, 2011), while a more recent study estimated that 57% of the human salmonellosis cases were attributed to pigs in the EU (Hald et al, 2012). This paper presents the outcomes of a two-phased study which aimed to use the intervention trials and the ZNCP scores as anchor points to investigate how pig farmers' intention to control Salmonella changed in response to evidence of the effectiveness of interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in perceptions and motivators that influence the implementation of on-farm Salmonella control measures by pig farmers in England

Marier

Smith

Ellis‐Iversen

et al. 2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in perceptions and motivators that influence the implementation of on-farm Salmonella control measures by pig farmers in England

Marier

Smith

Ellis‐Iversen

et al. 2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…Examples include application of the subtyping approach Pires et al, 2008;Valkenburgh et al, 2007;Wahlstrom et al, 2010); analyses of data from outbreak investigations in Europe (Pires et al, 2011;; a global meta-analysis of case-control studies of sporadic infections (Domingues et al, in press); and an expert elicitation study (Havelaar et al, 2008). The different models attributed human salmonellosis to different food categories or animal sources, depending among other on data availability.…”

Section: Source Attribution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the microbial subtyping approach was adapted to accommodate Salmonella surveillance data from the EU in a model that utilized data provided by the European Center for Disease Control (ECDC) and EFSA (Pires et al, 2011). This model referred to before as EU-SSA was applied to data from 24 MSs and attributed human sporadic salmonellosis to four animal reservoirs: pigs, broilers, layers and turkeys.…”

Section: Source Attribution Using Microbial Subtypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on an estimation of the public health impact of setting a new target for the reduction ofSalmonellain turkeys

Publication¹

2012

EFSA Journal

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The quantitative contribution of turkeys and other major animal‐food sources to the burden of human salmonellosis in the European Union was estimated. A ‘Turkey Target Salmonella Attribution Model’ (TT‐SAM) based on the microbial‐subtyping approach was used. TT‐SAM includes data from 25 EU Member States, four animal‐food sources of Salmonella and 23 Salmonella serovars. The model employs 2010 EU statutory monitoring data on Salmonella in animal populations (EU baseline survey data for pigs), data on reported cases of human salmonellosis and food availability data. It estimates that 2.6 %, 10.6 %, 17.0 % and 56.8 % of the human salmonellosis cases are attributable to turkeys, broilers, laying hens (eggs) and pigs, respectively. The top‐6 serovars of fattening turkeys that contribute most to human cases are S. Enteritidis, S. Kentucky, S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, S. Virchow and S. Saintpaul. Comparing the prevalence of Salmonella in turkey flocks reported in 2010 with a theoretical combined prevalence for S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium of 1 % (i.e. the transitional target), a reduction of 0.4 % in the percentage of turkey‐associated human salmonellosis cases would be achieved. However, when adjusting the combined prevalence of all serovars to 1 %, an 83.2 % reduction in the percentage of turkey‐associated human salmonellosis cases, equivalent to 2.2 % of all human salmonellosis cases, is expected. Uncertainty and data limitations are discussed, including recommendations on how these could be overcome. Vertical transmission of Salmonella as well as hatchery acquired Salmonella contamination originating from breeding stock are very important sources for Salmonella infection in turkeys, and therefore controlling Salmonella in breeding flocks as well as in rearing and fattening flocks is necessary to minimise Salmonella in turkeys at slaughter.

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“…For the other Salmonella food animal reservoirs, it was estimated that 17.0 %, and 56.8 % of the estimated numbers of human salmonellosis cases could be attributed to laying hens (eggs) and pigs, respectively. It should be noted that compared with earlier EU-level source attribution studies (Pires et al, 2011;Vose et al, 2011), the model used in the Opinion attributed a relatively higher proportion of human salmonellosis cases to the pig reservoir and smaller one to laying hen reservoir.…”

Section: Poultry Meat As a Source Of Infection For Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical specifications on harmonised epidemiological indicators for biological hazards to be covered by meat inspection of poultry

2012

EFS2

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In this report, harmonised epidemiological indicators are proposed for food-borne biological hazards to public health that are related to poultry and meat thereof and that can be addressed within meat inspection. These hazards include Salmonella, Campylobacter and extended-spectrum/AmpC beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli as well as generic E. coli as an indicator for process hygiene. An epidemiological indicator is defined as the prevalence or concentration of the hazard at a certain stage of the food chain or an indirect measure of the hazard that correlates to human health risk caused by the hazard. The indicators can be used by the European Commission and the Member States to consider when adaptations in meat inspection methods may be relevant and to carry out risk analysis to support such decisions. It is foreseen that the indicators will be used in the integrated food safety assurance system for poultry meat outlined in the EFSA Scientific Opinion, particularly to help categorise farms/flock and slaughterhouses according to the risk related to the hazards and process hygiene as well as setting appropriate targets. Depending on the purpose and the epidemiological situation, risk managers should decide on the most appropriate indicator(s) to use, either alone or in combination, at national, regional, slaughterhouse or farm/flock level. It is recommended that risk managers should define the harmonised requirements for the controlled housing conditions of farms and the requirements for food chain information. Member States are invited to organise training regarding the implementation of the indicators and the reporting of data generated by the implementation in accordance with Directive 2003/99/EC. The proposed indicators should be regularly reviewed in light of new information and the data generated by their implementation.

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Estimation of the relative contribution of different food and animal sources to human Salmonella infections in the European Union

Cited by 86 publications

References 17 publications

Changes in perceptions and motivators that influence the implementation of on-farm Salmonella control measures by pig farmers in England

Changes in perceptions and motivators that influence the implementation of on-farm Salmonella control measures by pig farmers in England

Scientific Opinion on an estimation of the public health impact of setting a new target for the reduction ofSalmonellain turkeys

Technical specifications on harmonised epidemiological indicators for biological hazards to be covered by meat inspection of poultry

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