Estimation of the Relative Sensitivity of the Comparative Tuberculin Skin Test in Tuberculous Cattle Herds Subjected to Depopulation

Karolemeas, Katerina; Rúa-Doménech, Ricardo de la; Cooper, R. R.; Goodchild, A. V.; Clifton-Hadley, R. S.; Conlan, Andrew J. K.; Mitchell, A.; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Donnelly, Christl A.; Wood, James; McKinley, Trevelyan J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043217

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, it has been recently showed that the genetic background of the animal can also influence the reaction to tuberculin (Amos et al, 2013). The standard TST is estimated to be able to detect around 40-80% of infected animals (Francis et al, 1978apud Monaghan et al, 1994Karolemeas et al, 2012). Clearly, there is an urgent need form significant improvement on the test, so that it could be used with more confidence for enforcing the 'test-andslaughter' policy, reducing the number of false positive, as well as false negative results.…”

Section: Immunological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis: review of main techniques

2015

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Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) remains an important economic and zoonotic problem in Latin America. Traditionally, the fight against BTB is initiated by the implementation of routine diagnostic tests for certification of free properties. The diagnosis of BTB can be made by direct and indirect methods, in which we can mention clinical, post mortem, histopathological, immunological, bacteriological and molecular methods. The renewal of scientific interest in tuberculosis in recent year has led to develop and improve methods of diagnosis, prevention, control and eradication of BTB. The aim of this review is to present and discuss different diagnosis methods of BTB.Keywords: tuberculosis bovine, diagnosis, Mycobacterium bovis, new techniques. Diagnóstico de tuberculose bovina: revisão das principais técnicas ResumoA tuberculose bovina (BTB) continua sendo um importante problema econômico na América Latina, com potenciais consequências zoonóticas. Tradicionalmente, a luta contra a tuberculose bovina tem sido iniciada pela execução de testes de diagnóstico de rotina para a certificação de propriedades livres da doença. O diagnóstico de BTB pode ser feito através de métodos diretos e indiretos, nos quais podemos citar os métodos clínicos, post mortem, histopatológicos, imunológicos, bacteriológicos e moleculares. A renovação do interesse científico em tuberculose nos últimos anos tem levado à necessidade de desenvolver e melhorar os métodos de diagnóstico, prevenção, controle e erradicação da BTB. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e discutir sobre os diferentes métodos de diagnóstico de BTB.Palavras-chave: tuberculose bovina, diagnóstico, Mycobacterium bovis, novas técnicas.

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Section: Immunological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis: review of main techniques

2015

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“…One caveat, however, is that the initial disclosing SICCT skin test is not 100% sensitive. Indeed, SICCT test sensitivities in different countries and settings are reported to range from 75% to 95% (15,16), with a recent study estimating the relative SICCT test sensitivity in Great Britain as 85% (95% CI, 78% to 91%) or 81% (95% CI, 70% to 89%) for the severe or standard interpretation, respectively (17). Thus, in the serial testing scenario, it is possible that truly M. bovisinfected animals may be missed by the initial skin test and not subjected to the DIT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

Jones

Coad

Khatri

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination sensitizes cattle to bovine tuberculin, which compromises the use of the current bovine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance tests. Although the performance of a blood test (that utilizes antigens expressed by Mycobacterium bovis but not by BCG) capable of discriminating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA interferon gamma test [DIT]) has been evaluated in naturally infected TB field reactors, there is a need to perform similar analysis in a BCG-vaccinated M. bovis-infected population. Furthermore, we explored different scenarios under which a DIT may be implemented alongside BCG vaccination: (i) serial testing to resolve potential false-positive skin test results or (ii) a standalone test to replace the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test. Our results demonstrated significantly better relative test sensitivity when the DIT was evaluated in a serial test scenario. Direct comparison of pre-and post-skin test blood samples revealed that the SICCT test induced significant boosting of the gamma interferon response in M. bovis-infected animals to both the ESAT-6 -CFP-10 and Rv3615c peptide cocktails that comprise the DIT, which persisted for the ESAT-6 -CFP-10 reagent for at least 14 days. Importantly, no similar boosting effects were observed in noninfected BCG vaccinates, suggesting that DIVA blood testing after a recent skin test would have minimal impact on test specificity.KEYWORDS blood test, bovine tuberculosis, DIVA, gamma interferon, Mycobacterium bovis, tuberculin skin test B ovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle, caused predominantly by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, poses a significant economic animal health problem, where it has been estimated that globally the disease costs $3 billion U.S. annually (1). In Great Britain, bovine TB control measures are based on a test and cull program using the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test as a primary diagnostic test, but also under certain circumstances the whole-blood interferon gamma (IFN-␥) release assay as an ancillary test to maximize detection of M. bovis-infected cattle. Despite this, the annual number of herd breakdowns remains high in the West of England and Wales, and thus new control strategies, including cattle vaccination, are under consideration. Studies with cattle have shown that M. bovis BCG vaccination significantly protected cattle following experimental infection with M. bovis, with some animals displaying no evidence of disease pathology in either the lungs or associated lymph nodes (2-4). However, these studies also highlight that BCG is not fully protective in all vaccinated animals, and as such, should BCG vaccination be implemented as

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“…The tuberculin skin test is effective in the early detection of pre-clinical cases of M. bovis infection in cattle. This allows the rapid removal of infected animals limiting transmission of the disease and eradication of bovine tuberculosis from many countries [18] . However, a few number of ancillary tests are being used, or are currently validated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sahada Görülen Sığır Tüberkülozunun Tanısında Kullanılan Tuberculin Skin Test, IFN-γ Assay, Gerçek Zamanlı PCR ve Lateral Flow Rapid Testlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Kaya¹,

Şimşek²,

Yıldırım³

et al. 2015

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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Bovine tuberculosis is an important zoonotic disease transmitted by direct contact, respiratory pathway, ingestion of unpasteurised milk and milk product, raw or undercooked meat. Tuberculosis can be difficult to diagnose based only on the clinical signs. Tuberculosis is usually diagnosed in the field with the tuberculin skin test. Sputum and other body fluids may be collected for microbiological examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have also been described. Diagnostic blood tests include the lymphocyte proliferation assay, the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In this study a total of 50 animals were tested by using tuberculin skin test (TST), lateral flow rapid test, IFN-γ assay and real time PCR. The animals were selected randomly among 178 cattle in dairy farms with the aged between 3-5 years and suspected of having tuberculosis. Forty five cattle were positive out of 50 for TST while 31 for reactive by the IFN-γ assay and 28 for rapid test and 9 for real time PCR. The purpose behind such variable as age was to compare sensitivity of tuberculin skin test, the IFN-γ assay and TB lateral flow rapid test and real time PCR examination for the diagnosis of field outbreaks of bovine tuberculosis in Turkey. Keywords: IFN-γ assay, Real time PCR, TB lateral flow rapid test, Tuberculin skin test, Tuberculosis Sahada Görülen Sığır Tüberkülozunun Tanısında Kullanılan Tuberculin Skin Test, IFN-γ Assay, Gerçek Zamanlı PCR ve Lateral Flow Rapid Testlerinin KarşılaştırılmasıÖzet Sığır tüberkülozu; direkt temas, solunum yolu, pastörize edilmemiş süt ve süt ürünleri, çiğ ya da az pişmiş etlerin alınmasıyla insanlara da bulaşabilen önemli bir zoonoz hastalıktır. Yalnızca klinik bulgulara bakarak tüberkülozu teşhis etmek zor olabilmektedir. Genellikle tüberkülozun tanısı sahada tüberkülin testiyle konulmaktadır. Mikrobiyolojik muayene amacıyla kraşe ve diğer vücut sıvıları temin edilmektedir. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yöntemleri de kullanılabilmektedir. Tanı amaçlı kan testleri arasında lenfosit proliferasyon testi, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) testi ve enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 50 hayvan tuberculin skin test (TST), lateral flow rapid test, IFN-γ assay ve gerçek zamanlı PCR kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Hayvanlar 3-5 yaş arasındaki tüberküloz şüpheli 178 sütçü sığır arasından rastgele seçilmiştir. TST sonuçlarına göre 50 sığırdan 45'i pozitifken, IFN-γ testine göre 31'i pozitif bulunmuştur. TB lateral flow rapid testte 28 pozitif, gerçek zamanlı PCR testinde ise 9 pozitif sonuç bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda farklı testlerin uygulanmasının amacı tüberkülin skin test, IFN-γ assay, TB lateral flow rapid test ve gerçek zamanlı PCR testinin Türkiye'de karşılaşılan sığır tüberkülozundaki duyarlılıklarının karşılaştırılmasıdır.

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Estimation of the Relative Sensitivity of the Comparative Tuberculin Skin Test in Tuberculous Cattle Herds Subjected to Depopulation

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis: review of main techniques

Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis: review of main techniques

Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

Sahada Görülen Sığır Tüberkülozunun Tanısında Kullanılan Tuberculin Skin Test, IFN-γ Assay, Gerçek Zamanlı PCR ve Lateral Flow Rapid Testlerinin Karşılaştırılması

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