Estimation of Thyroid Volume: An Anatomic Study of the Correlation between the Frontal Silhouette and the Volume of the Gland

Himanka, Erkki; Lg, Larsson

doi:10.1177/028418515504300205

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…26 The thyroid mass can be calculated from the sum of the partial volumes. The volume of the individual lobes was empirically estimated by the conventional formula ellipsoid volume, 27 i.e., ͑ / 6͒ab 2 , where a and b were the lengths of the main axes of the each ellipsoid and the mass density was assumed equal to 1 g / ml. All patients underwent ultrasound imaging of the thyroid, but the studies were not homogeneous, having been performed in different institutions, therefore, the scintigraphic imaging performed in our department was chosen for thyroid volume calculations.…”

Section: Iib Measurement Activity and Dose Calculationsupporting

confidence: 89%

A NTCP approach for estimating the outcome in radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism

Strigari

Sciuto²,

Benassi

et al. 2008

Medical Physics

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Radioiodine has been in use for over 60 years as a treatment for hyperthyroidism. Major changes in clinical practice have led to accurate dosimetry capable of avoiding the risks of adverse effects and the optimization of the treatment. The aim of this study was to test the capability of a radiobiological model, based on normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), to predict the outcome after oral therapeutic 131I administration. Following dosimetric study, 79 patients underwent treatment for hyperthyroidism using radioiodine and then 67 had at least a one-year follow up. The delivered dose was calculated using the MIRD formula, taking into account the measured maximum uptake of administered iodine transferred to the thyroid, U0, and the effective clearance rate, Teff and target mass. The dose was converted to normalized total dose delivered at 2 Gy per fraction (NTD2). Furthermore, the method to take into account the reduction of the mass of the gland during radioiodine therapy was also applied. The clinical outcome and dosimetric parameters were analyzed in order to study the dose-response relationship for hypothyroidism. The TD50 and m parameters of the NTCP model approach were then estimated using the likelihood method. The TD50, expressed as NTD2, resulted in 60 Gy (95% C.I.: 45-75 Gy) and 96 Gy (95% C.I.: 86-109 Gy) for patients affected by Graves or autonomous/multinodular disease, respectively. This supports the clinical evidence that Graves' disease should be characterized by more radiosensitive cells compared to autonomous nodules. The m parameter for all patients was 0.27 (95% C.I.: 0.22-0.36). These parameters were compared with those reported in the literature for hypothyroidism induced after external beam radiotherapy. The NTCP model correctly predicted the clinical outcome after the therapeutic administration of radioiodine in our series.

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Section: Iib Measurement Activity and Dose Calculationsupporting

confidence: 89%

A NTCP approach for estimating the outcome in radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism

Strigari

Sciuto²,

Benassi

et al. 2008

Medical Physics

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“…In our study, the estimate of goitre size was made on clinical grounds by an ex¬ perienced physician. A mathematical conversion of thyroid scanning data (18) is an alternative proce¬ dure, and ultrasound determinations would give even more precise data. It is remarkable, however, that already the clinical estimate of goitre size turned out to have a large weight in the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the outcome of thyrostatic drug therapy in Graves' disease

Winsa

Dahlberg

Jansson

et al. 1990

Acta Endocrinologica

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In patients with Graves' disease, thyrostatic drug treatment may induce definitive remission without the need of more aggressive measures such as surgery or radioiodine. Following drug therapy, however, relapses often occur. In the present study, a multivariate analysis of pretreatment variables was performed, in order to identify individuals running a high risk of an unfavourable outcome of thyrostatic drug therapy. We studied 109 consecutive patients with a mean age of 38 years, range 20-70, over a mean follow-up period of 5.3 years after cessation of therapy. The analysis showed that goitre size, age, thyroid hormone levels, HLA-DR 3 haplotype, and TSH receptor antibody levels were of prognostic significance, whereas HLA-B8 haplotype, a lymphocytic infiltrate at fine needle biopsy, thyroglobulin, and microsomal antibodies had no such value. In particular, patients characterized by young age, large goitre and high hormone values were found to be associated with an unfavourable course.

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“…An ellipsoid formula has also been used to estimate thyroid volume using ultrasonography in hyperthyroid cats . Despite the widespread use of this ellipsoid formula, however, a multitude of other formulas have been recommended to improve the accuracy for calculation of thyroid volume or thyroid area in normal patients and patients with thyroid disease . Overall, it is clear that no single formula will be able to accurately measure thyroid volume in all cases, especially when applied to highly irregular, invasive, or multinodular thyroid masses…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Quantitative Thyroid Scintigraphy for Diagnosis and Staging of Disease Severity in Cats With Hyperthyroidism: Comparison of the Percent Thyroidal Uptake of Pertechnetate to Thyroid‐to‐salivary Ratio and Thyroid‐to‐background Ratios

Peterson

Guterl

Rishniw

et al. 2016

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Thyroid scintigraphy is commonly used for evaluation of cats with hyperthyroidism, with the thyroid-to-salivary ratio (T/S) being the most common method to quantify the degree of thyroid activity and disease. Calculation of thyroid-to-background ratios (T/B) or percent thyroidal uptake of (99m) TcO(-) 4 (TcTU) has only been reported in a few studies. The purpose of this prospective, cross-sectional study was to evaluate a number of quantitative scintigraphic indices as diagnostic tests for hyperthyroidism, including the T/S, three different T/B, TcTU, and estimated thyroid volume. Of 524 cats referred to our clinic for evaluation of suspected hyperthyroidism, the diagnosis was confirmed (n = 504) or excluded (n = 20) based on results of a serum thyroid panel consisting of thyroxine (T4 ), triiodothyronine (T3 ), free T4 (fT4 ), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. In the hyperthyroid cats, median values for TcTU, T/S, and three T/B ratios were all significantly higher (P < 0.001) than values in euthyroid suspect cats or clinically normal cats. All scintigraphic parameters were relatively sensitive and specific as diagnostic tests for hyperthyroidism, but the T/S ratio had the highest test accuracy. The T/S ratio correlated strongly with the TcTU (r = 0.85). However, the TcTU had a higher and more significant correlation (P < 0.01) with serum T4 (r = 0.76 vs. 0.64), T3 (r = 0.77 vs. 0.64), and estimated thyroid volume (r = 0.62 vs. 0.38). Overall, calculation of TcTU is an accurate diagnostic test, but also appears to be the best parameter to predict the functional volume and metabolic activity of the feline adenomatous thyroid gland.

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Estimation of Thyroid Volume: An Anatomic Study of the Correlation between the Frontal Silhouette and the Volume of the Gland

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

A NTCP approach for estimating the outcome in radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism

A NTCP approach for estimating the outcome in radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism

Factors influencing the outcome of thyrostatic drug therapy in Graves' disease

Evaluation of Quantitative Thyroid Scintigraphy for Diagnosis and Staging of Disease Severity in Cats With Hyperthyroidism: Comparison of the Percent Thyroidal Uptake of Pertechnetate to Thyroid‐to‐salivary Ratio and Thyroid‐to‐background Ratios

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