Estimation of Type‐Specific Neutralizing Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Uterine Cervical Cancer Patients by a New Absorption Method

Kawana, Takashi; Yoshino, Kamesaburo

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1980.tb02921.x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…HSV type-specific antibodies from some of the genital herpes patients could be detected by HSV-1 and HSV-2 Differentiation Immunoblot IgG (MRL Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, OH). For the other patients, the antibody titer was measured using the microplate neutralization system, as described previously [Kawana and Yoshino, 1980].…”

Section: Antibody Neutralization Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of mixed infection cases with both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

Kaneko

Kawana

Ishioka

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is isolated principally from the upper half of the body innervated by the trigeminal ganglia whereas herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is generally isolated from the lower half of the body innervated by the sacral ganglia. However, recent reports suggest that HSV-1 and HSV-2 can each infect both the upper and lower half of the body causing a variety of symptoms and there is a possibility that HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections can occur simultaneously with both causing symptoms. HSV type in clinical isolates from 87 patients with genital herpes and 57 with ocular herpes was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and six cases of mixed infection with both HSV-1 and HSV-2 were identified. Of the six cases, three were patients with genital herpes and three were ocular herpes patients. Analysis of the copy number of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 genome by a quantitative real time PCR demonstrated that HSV-1 was dominant at a ratio of approximately 100:1 in the ocular infections. In contrast, the HSV-2 genome was present at a 4-40 times higher frequency in isolates from genital herpes patients. There was no obvious difference between the clinical course of mixed infection and those of single HSV-1 or HSV-2 infections. This study indicated that the frequency of mixed infection with both HSV-1 and HSV-2 is comparatively higher than those of previous reports. The genome ratio of HSV-1 and HSV-2 reflects the preference of each HSV type for the target organ.

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Section: Antibody Neutralization Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of mixed infection cases with both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

Kaneko

Kawana

Ishioka

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The control serum sample for HSV-1 was obtained from a person with no clinical symptoms. This serum sample was confirmed to have a complement fixation titer to HSV of 128 (10) and neutralizing antibody titers to HSV-1 and HSV-2 of 64 and 4, respectively (13). Serum obtained from a patient with meningitis was used as the control for HSV-2 (17).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Antibody to Herpes B Virus from Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Human and Macaque Sera

et al. 2008

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The antigenic cross-reactive characteristics of herpes B virus and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 are responsible for false-positive diagnoses by serological assays in humans and macaques. In the present study, we developed a fluorometric indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant herpes B virus glycoprotein D (gD) and HSV-1 and HSV-2 gG (gG-1 and gG-2, respectively) to discriminate between the three primate herpesvirus infections. The secreted form of gD, gDdTM, was used to detect antibody to herpes B virus gD. Sera positive for herpes B virus, HSV-1, and HSV-2 showed specific reactions to gD, gG-1, and gG-2, respectively. Sera collected from humans and rhesus macaques were investigated for the presence of antibodies to the recombinant proteins of the three herpesviruses. The results suggested that the approach is able to discriminate between herpes B virus and HSV infections. The ELISA was also found to be able to detect infections with multiple primate herpesviruses and may have the potential to identify a subsequent infection in individuals that have already been infected with another herpesvirus. In addition, we found evidence of a greater cross-reactivity of herpes B virus with HSV-1 than with HSV-2. It is suggested that the ELISA with the recombinant antigens is useful not only for the serodiagnosis of primate herpesvirus infections but also for elucidation of the seroprevalence of herpesviruses in humans and primates.Herpes B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) infection is a fatal zoonosis characterized by acute encephalomyelitis (26,27). The rate of mortality among individuals with the infection is high if such individuals are not given antiviral therapy in the early stages of infection. The natural hosts of the causative agent are Asian macaques, which are used in the medical field as models for humans. This suggests that laboratory workers in contact with the macaques could become exposed to viruscontaminated sources, such as saliva and urine from infected hosts (4). Therefore, the development of a rapid and accurate method for the detection of herpes B virus infection is required for both the early diagnosis of the infection in patients and the establishment of virus-free macaque colonies. Serological assays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting (WB) analysis with a herpes B virusinfected cell antigen, are available for the detection of herpes B virus infections (2,7,12,18).The serodiagnosis of herpes B virus infections is difficult because of the antigenic cross-reactivity of herpes B virus with related herpesviruses. Herpes B virus is classified as a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, which includes herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2, and has been shown to share antigenic and biological characteristics with these human herpesviruses, such as a tropism for neurons and propagation and dissemination in natural hosts (6,8,21). The high seroprevalence of HSV in humans, which has been reported to...

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“…The preparation was diluted with cell maintenance medium (MM), which was Eagle's minimum essential medium containing 2% inactivated calf serum, to a final protein concentration of 20 flg/ml and sterilized by filtration through a Millipore membrane of 0.45 fl porosity pretreated with 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone-PBS (17). The antigenic potency of the preparation was determined by Kawana and Yoshino's in-well-absorption method in plastic microplates with 96 flat-bottomed wells (8). Hyperimmune rabbit serum, inactivated by heating at 56 C for 30 min, was serially diluted with MM in twofold steps from 1: 10 and distributed into wells in 0.025-ml amounts with the aid of a dropper to make eight parallel series.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Intradermal Administration of Herpes Simplex Virus Subunit Vaccine

Yoshino

Yanagi

Abe

1982

Microbiology and Immunology

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Neonatal infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) frequently results in a fatal outcome, and this risk now appears to be increased among babies since there are more antibody-negative young adults than in former days (7). Yeager et al (16) pointed out that a sufficient level of maternal neutralizing antibody against type 1 HSV could protect babies from severe infections with homo-and heterotypic HSV. Hence, it is desirable to vaccinate antibody-negative pregnant women with a potent HSV vaccine so as to confer on the vaccinees a high level of IgG neutralizing antibody before delivery.Attempts to develop HSV vaccine, however, have been hampered by the possible oncogenicity of this virus, because both types of HSV i.nduce oncogenic transformation of hamster cells (5,6). To avoid this possible risk, earlier workers tested the efficacy of nucleic acid-free split vaccine (3,4,9,10,12,18). Animal inoculation tests thus far performed have indicated that the protein subunit vaccines are generally poor in induction of neutralizing antibody even when administered with alum or Freund adjuvant, although protection against challenge, perhaps effected through cell-mediated immunity, developed in some cases despite the absence of detectable neutralizing antibody.Since the primary purpose of this study was to induce a high level of IgG neutralizing antibody in pregnant women, various attempts were made to prepare a vaccine best fit for the purpose. Finally, we found that the critical point in the use of HSV subunit vaccine was the route of administration, intradermal inoculation repeated several times being far more efficient in induction of IgG neutralizing antibody than subcutaneous inoculation with adjuvant.The animals used for the test were guinea pigs weighing about 400 g. Preparation of protein subunit vaccine was essentially according to the method of Cappel (3). A large quantity of pellet of type 1 HSV (HF strain) was obtained by centrifuging culture fluids of infected Vero cells at 15,000 rpm for 60 min. The pellet was suspended in TSM buffer (0.01 M Tris pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.01 M MgC1 2) and centrifuged at 2 C to equilibrium on a 30 to 70% linear sucrose den-

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Estimation of Type‐Specific Neutralizing Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Uterine Cervical Cancer Patients by a New Absorption Method

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluation of mixed infection cases with both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

Evaluation of mixed infection cases with both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

Discrimination of Antibody to Herpes B Virus from Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Human and Macaque Sera

Efficacy of Intradermal Administration of Herpes Simplex Virus Subunit Vaccine

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