Estimation of viscosity for blast furnace type slags

Shankar, Amitabh; Görnerup, Märten; Lahiri, A.; Seetharaman, Seshadri

doi:10.1179/174328107x17467

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Urbain's model is one of the most widely used slag viscosity models, and it assumes the Weymann-Franke relation. [19,23] In the model, the slag constituents are classified into three categories: glass formers, modifiers, and amphoterics. Zhang's model [24] is structural based, and the temperature dependence of viscosity is calculated by the Arrhenius equation.…”

Section: Models and Prediction Of Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition of Blast Furnace Slag from Silicates-Based to Aluminates-Based: Viscosity

Yan

Liang

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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The effect of Al 2 O 3 and the Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 (A/S) ratio on the viscosity of the CaOSiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO-TiO 2 slag system was studied in the present work. At a fixed CaO/SiO 2 (C/ S) ratio of 1.20, 9 mass pct MgO, and 1 mass pct TiO 2 , the viscosity increases with an increase in Al 2 O 3 content at a range of 16 to 24 mass pct due to the polymerization of the aluminosilicate structures, while it decreases when the Al 2 O 3 is higher than 24 mass pct, which means that Al 2 O 3 acts as a network modifier at higher content. Increasing A/S from 0.47 to 0.92 causes a slight decrease in viscosity of the slags and has an opposite effect when A/S is more than 0.92. The free running temperature increases with the Al 2 O 3 content and appears to show a peak at an A/S ratio of 0.92. The change of the apparent activation energy is in accordance with the change of viscosity. When Al 2 O 3 content is more than 24 mass pct with low SiO 2 , CaO content ranges from 35 to 45 mass pct, and the slag transform from silicates-based to aluminates-based can still get a good operation region. Four different viscosity models were employed to predict the viscosity and RIBOUD's model was found to be the best in predicting the viscosity by comparing the estimated viscosity with the measured viscosity.

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Section: Models and Prediction Of Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition of Blast Furnace Slag from Silicates-Based to Aluminates-Based: Viscosity

Yan

Liang

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…It can be observed from Eq. [8] that, 572;516Â2 a i can be considered to represent the viscosity activation energy of pure basic oxide. According to the viscosity equation for pure oxide proposed by Iida et al, [28] the viscosity activation energy for non-glass-forming oxides is proportional to T 1:2 m (where T m is the melting point or liquidus temperature).…”

Section: The Optimization Of Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urbain [4] expressed the activation energy dependency on composition as a polynomial expression of composition containing three terms, but many parameters are adopted with fewer structure factors. Models by Iida et al [5] and those based on the optical basicity concept [6][7][8] have narrow application ranges. The structural model by Du et al [9] does not consider the real existing structural units, whereas those by Zhang and Jahanshahi, [10] Shu and Zhang, [11] and Nakamoto et al [12] encounter difficulties when calculating the numbers of different types of oxygen ions involving in the model calculation (will be discussed in more detail subsequently).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Viscosities of CaO-MgO-FeO-MnO-SiO2 Molten Slags

Zhang

Chou

Xue

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans B

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A model for estimating the viscosity of silicate melts is proposed in this article. The structural characteristics of a silicate slag can be described by the numbers of the bridging oxygen, nonbridging oxygen, and free oxygen present in the slag. A method of calculating the numbers of the different types of oxygen ions is presented in this article, which involves a simple approximation of ''complete bridge breaking.'' With just a few parameters, the model provides both the temperature and composition dependencies of viscosity for the pure component: SiO 2 ; the binary systems: MgO-SiO 2 , CaO-SiO 2 , FeO-SiO 2 , and MnO-SiO 2 ; the ternary systems: CaOMgO-SiO 2 , CaO-FeO-SiO 2 , MgO-FeO-SiO 2 , and CaO-MnO-SiO 2 ; and the quaternary systems: CaO-MgO-MnO-SiO 2 and CaO-FeO-MnO-SiO 2 . It was found that the ability of different basic metal oxides to decrease viscosity varies and is in the following hierarchy: FeO > MnO > CaO > MgO. Two factors influence the viscosity: The first is related to the mutual interaction among different ions, and the stronger the interaction, the higher the viscosity. The second factor is the size (radius) of basic oxide cation, with viscous flow becoming increasingly more difficult (i.e., viscosity increases) as the cation size increases. However, there is a paradox in the effect of cation radius (of the basic oxide) on the two factors. Thus, varying cation size causes competitive effects; smaller cationic radii give stronger interactions among ions but less hindrance to viscous flow (and vice versa for large cation radii).

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“…The Weymann equaiton is used by Riboud et al [1], Urbain [6], Kondratiev et al [7], Zhang et al [8], Ray et al [5] and Shu [9] etc; while the Arrhenius equation (or Eyring equation) is used by Iida et al [10], Nakamoto et al [4], KTH [3], NPL [2], and Shankar et al [16]. It was pointed out by Shankar et al [16] that both the two types can well describe the variation of viscosity with temperature. Then, the problem of incorporating the influence of composition on viscosity is the central issue.…”

Section: Points Must Be Considered In Viscosity Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity model for aluminosilicate melt

Zhang

Chou

2012

J min metall B Metall

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The structurally based viscosity model proposed in our previous study is extended to include more components, e.g. SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O and K2O. A simple method is proposed to calculate the numbers of different types of oxygen ions classified by the different cations they bonded with, which is used to characterize the influence of composition on viscosity. When dealing with the aluminosilicate melts containing several basic oxides, the priority order is established for different cations for charge compensating Al3+ ions, according to the coulombic force between cation and oxygen anion. It is indicated that basic oxides have two paradox influences on viscosity: basic oxide with a higher basicity decreases viscosity more greatly by forming weaker non-bridging oxygen bond; while it increases viscosity more greatly by forming stronger bridging oxygen bond in tetrahedron after charge compensating Al3+ ion. The present model can extrapolate its application range to the system without SiO2. Furthermore, it could also give a satisfy interpretation to the abnormal phenomenon that viscosity increases when adding K2O to CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 melt within a certain composition range

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Estimation of viscosity for blast furnace type slags

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Transition of Blast Furnace Slag from Silicates-Based to Aluminates-Based: Viscosity

Transition of Blast Furnace Slag from Silicates-Based to Aluminates-Based: Viscosity

Modeling Viscosities of CaO-MgO-FeO-MnO-SiO2 Molten Slags

Viscosity model for aluminosilicate melt

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