“…Additionally, many similar studies have been carried out in Morocco, Ethiopia, Romania, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Switzerland, Iran, Nigeria, and more to quantify the soil erosion and their spatial distribution at watershed level (Aouichaty et al, 2022;Eniyew et al, 2021;Kebede et al, 2021;Patriche, 2023;Guduru & Jilo, 2023;Bircher et al, 2019;Olika et al, 2023;Fang et al, 2019;Cheikha et al, 2023;Getu et al, 2022;Ostovari et al, 2017;Joshi et al, 2023;Balabathina et al, 2020). These studies revealed that a massive amount of productive soil is being lost annually, creating risk to food security, livelihoods, and environmental sustainability.…”