This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and reproductive parameters of Nelore cows under different microclimatic conditions. The experiment was performed in Central Brazil, which has a tropical climate, dry winter, and rainy summer. The experimental groups were divided into an area with shading (5.8 trees/ha; n = 42) and an area with little shading (0.4 trees/ha; n = 42). We assessed physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, surface body temperature, and vaginal temperature), and reproductive parameters (estrus detection, conception rate, and rate of pregnancy loss).Rectal temperature (p = 0.002), surface body temperature on the anks, forehead, and shoulder (p < 0.001), and vaginal temperature (p < 0.001) of cows in the group with shading was signi cantly lower those of cows in the group without shading. Estrus was higher (p = 0.08) in the cows of the shaded group; however, no effect was observed in conception and pregnancy loss rates. In conclusion, shading (5.8 trees/ha) provided better thermal comfort for Nelore animals in this tropical climatic region. However, it did not affect the performance of xed-time arti cial insemination.