Estimativa do consumo de sal pela população brasileira: resultado da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013

Mill, José Geraldo; Malta, Déborah Carvalho; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Paté, Arthur; Pereira, Cimar Azeredo; Jaime, Patrícia Constante; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann; Rosenfeld, Luiz Gastão

doi:10.1590/1980-549720190009.supl.2

Cited by 52 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Baseline characteristics Demographics Brazilian Population Estimates (IBGE) [20] Salt consumption National Health Survey (IBGE) 2013 [12] Deaths by CVD SIM 2017 [21] Hospitalization costs SIH-SUS 2017 [22] Outpatient costs SIA-SUS 2017 [23] Workforce characteristics Continuous National Household Sample Survey-IBGE [24] Effect of salt consumption on systolic blood pressure Heart failure 0.53 (0.48-0.59) [26] Pulmonary embolism 0.72 (0.60-0.87) [26] Rheumatic heart disease 0.74 (0.61-0.89) [26] Aortic aneurysm 0.55 (0.49-0.62) [26] https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235514.t001…”

Section: Model Inputs Value Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, the first national salt/sodium consumption based on spot urinary sodium excretion was released in 2019, despite data collection was conducted in 2013. The average salt consumption was estimated in 9.34g/day among adults (9.63g for men and 9.08g for women) and 97.6% of the adults consumed over the WHO recommendation of 5g/day [12]. The main dietary sources of sodium, according to national food acquisition surveys, are salt added to foods and industrialized products, as well as foods consumed within and out of the household [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the effect of compliance with WHO salt recommendations on cardiovascular disease mortality and costs in Brazil

et al. 2020

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Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the main cause of death among non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazil, and they have a high economic impact on health systems. Most populations around the world, including Brazilians, consume excessive sodium, which increases blood pressure and the risk of CVDs. Objective To model the estimated deaths and costs associated with CVDs, which are mediated by increased blood pressure attributable to excessive sodium consumption in adults from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system in 2017.

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Section: Model Inputs Value Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the effect of compliance with WHO salt recommendations on cardiovascular disease mortality and costs in Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…According to the National Health Survey (2013), only 2.4% (95% CI: 2.0%‐2.8%) of Brazilian adults consumed less than the recommended 5 g of salt per day, which means that 97.6% of adult Brazilians consume excessive salt …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, the National Health Survey 2013 included spot urine collection for the direct estimation of salt intake . The mean salt intake was estimated at 9.34 g/d (95% CI: 9.27‐9.41 g/d), from a representative national sample of 8083 adults.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Brazilian population consumes, on average, 9.34 g/d (CI 95%: 9.27‐9.41 g/d) of salt per capita, almost twice the 5 g maximum recommendation by the World Health Organization—WHO . Therefore, estimating the costs associated with excessive salt/sodium and the economic impact of interventions, based on an analysis of health policy and salt intake scenarios, can support more cost‐effective public policies for salt reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing and applying a costing tool for hypertension and related cardiovascular disease: Attributable costs to salt/sodium consumption

Nilson

Silva

Jaime

2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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This paper proposes a costing tool for hypertension and cardiovascular disease by adapting cost‐of‐illness methodologies to estimate the attributable burden of excessive salt intake on cardiovascular disease. The methodology estimates the changes in blood pressure that result from each gram change in salt intake and links diet to the direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertensive disease, aortic aneurysm, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and rheumatic heart, using the relative risks of disease and the prevalence of salt consumption in the population. The methodology includes (a) identifying major diseases and conditions related to excessive salt intake and relevant economic cost data available, (b) quantifying the relationship between the prevalence of excessive salt intake and the associated risk of disease morbidity and mortality using population attributable risks (PAR), (c) using PARs to estimate the share of total costs directly attributed to excessive salt intake, and (d) undertaking a sensitivity analysis of key epidemiological and economic parameters. The costing tool has estimated that, in 2013, US$ 102.0 million (95% uncertainty interval—UI: US$ 96.2‐107.8 million) in public hospitalizations could be saved if the average salt intake of Brazilians were reduced to 5 g/d, corresponding to 9.4% (95% UI: 8.9%‐9.9%) of the total hospital costs by CVDs. This methodology of cost of illness associated with salt consumption can be adapted to estimate the burden of other dietary risk factors and support prevention and control policies in Brazil and in other countries.

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Sociodemographic inequalities in eating practices and concerns

Medina

Barros

Fisberg

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To evaluate associations between selected dietary concerns and eating practices and determine the association of these concerns/practices with demographic and socio-economic characteristics in a population from a large Brazilian city. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. We investigated concerns regarding salt intake, the use of highly processed seasoning and the custom of reading the Na content on food labels. We also analysed concerns regarding the use of pesticides on food products and the practice of consuming organic foods. These variables were analysed according to sex, age group, schooling and income. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was performed for the estimation of prevalence ratios. Setting: Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: The representative sample consisted of 1710 adults and seniors. Results: A total 62·3 % of the population were concerned with salt intake, 34·7 % did not use highly processed seasoning and 10·6 % checked the Na content on food labels; 27·5 % were concerned with pesticides and 26·5 % consumed organic foods. The practices analysed were associated with the respective concerns. Women and seniors had a better profile, except for reading Na content in both groups and the consumption of organic foods among seniors. The frequency of checking the Na content and consuming organic foods increased with the level of schooling. The higher income group had a better profile, except for concern with salt intake. Conclusions: Considerable social differences were found regarding the dietary practices, and the practices were associated with concerns. The present findings underscore the need for different dietary counseling strategies targeting specific groups.

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Estimativa do consumo de sal pela população brasileira: resultado da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013

Cited by 52 publications

References 40 publications

Modelling the effect of compliance with WHO salt recommendations on cardiovascular disease mortality and costs in Brazil

Modelling the effect of compliance with WHO salt recommendations on cardiovascular disease mortality and costs in Brazil

Developing and applying a costing tool for hypertension and related cardiovascular disease: Attributable costs to salt/sodium consumption

Sociodemographic inequalities in eating practices and concerns

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