This study investigated the environmental and economic performance of alternative routes for drinking water production of. Two regions representing the water scarcity condition in Brazil were chosen, the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza. The evaluation was carried out by comparison with results obtained for well-defined technologies for both situations. In Condition 1, referring to the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, the routes chosen for the analysis were direct potable reuse and water import from the São Lourenço System. For Condition 2, referring to the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, the routes studied were direct potable reuse and seawater desalination. The verification of environmental performance for both conditions occurred through an attributive life cycle assessment with a 'cradle to gate' approach, for the impact categories of primary energy demand (PED), global warming potential (GWP), aquatic depletion (AD) and Aquatic ecotoxicity (AE). The reference flow (RF) was fixed at 1.0 m 3 of drinking water in a condition of consumption. An economic performance analysis was also carried out in order to determine the value of the cubic meter of water for each of the arrangements. In this stage of the study, the units' capital costs, as well as the operation costs, were evaluated, taking into account the temporal update of the data and each unit's lifespan of 20 years. The results obtained suggest that the direct potable reuse route presents itself as the best alternative for both conditions. This result is related to the alternative presenting a better environmental and economic performance over the other analyzed arrangements. In condition 1, presenting an Environmental Standardized Index of 1.00 for the direct potable reuse arrangement and 17.5 for the import of water. For the second condition, this index was 1.00 for direct potable reuse and 51.3 for desalination. The economic result of the value of m³ of water,