Estradiol concentrations, fat deposits, and reproductive strategies in male rhesus macaques

Bercovitch, Fred B.

doi:10.1016/0018-506x(92)90047-y

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Body weights, however, decreased (p<0.005) by approximately 0.8kg (~8.2%) at the end of either treatment phase, as may be typical for this seasonally breeding primate (54). Body weight was regained in both female groups between the end of placebo treatment and the onset of pioglitazone treatment (Table 1).…”

Section: Body Weights and Blood Chemistry Panelsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Pioglitazone improves insulin action and normalizes menstrual cycles in a majority of prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys

Zhou

Bruns

Bird

et al. 2007

Reproductive Toxicology

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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY-To determine whether pioglitazone will improve menstrual cyclicity in a fetal programming model for polycystic ovary syndrome.BASIC PROCEDURES-Eight prenatally androgenized (PA) and 5 control female rhesus monkeys of similar age, body weight and body mass index received an oral placebo daily for 6-7 months followed, after at least 90 days, by daily oral dosing with pioglitazone (3mg/kg) for an additional 6-7 months. Blood was sampled thrice weekly to monitor ovulatory function, and a variety of endocrine challenges were performed to quantify changes in ovarian, gonadotropin and glucoregulatory function. MOST IMPORTANT FINDINGS-Pioglitazone normalized menstrual cycles in 5 out of 8 (62%)PA females (pioglitazone responsive; Pio RESP ). Pioglitazone increased serum 17α-hydroxyprogesterone responses to an hCG injection in Pio RESP PA females, while diminishing serum progesterone, and increasing DHEA and estradiol responses to hCG in Pio RESP PA and all normal females.PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS-Insulin resistance plays a mechanistic role in maintaining anovulation in a majority of PA female monkeys.

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Section: Body Weights and Blood Chemistry Panelsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Pioglitazone improves insulin action and normalizes menstrual cycles in a majority of prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys

Zhou

Bruns

Bird

et al. 2007

Reproductive Toxicology

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“…Prebreeding season elevations in cortisol levels have been noted in male squirrel monkeys and rhesus macaques [Bercovitch, 1992;Schiml et al, 1996], and elevated male cortisol levels have been associated with consortships in male Japanese macaques and tufted capuchins [Barrett et al, 2002;Lynch et al, 2002]. In muriquis, Strier et al [1999Strier et al [ , 2003 found that fGC levels were significantly higher in adult males after they completed their first copulation, and high levels were sustained just after they reached their peak in sexual activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of reproductive and social variables on fecal glucocorticoid levels in a sample of adult male ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar

Gould

Ziegler

Wittwer

2005

American J Primatol

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Glucocorticoids, a group of adrenal hormones, are secreted in response to stress. In male primates, variables such as breeding seasonality, dominance hierarchy stability, and aggressive and affiliative interactions can affect glucocorticoid levels. In this study, we examined interindividual differences in mean fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) levels among males in three groups of wild ring-tailed lemurs to better understand the physiological costs of group living for males in a female-dominant species that exhibits strict reproductive seasonality. Fecal and behavioral data samples were collected during one mating and two postmating seasons (2001 and 2003). The mean fGC levels were examined in relation to reproductive season, male rank, number of resident males, intermale and female-male agonism, and affiliative behavior with females. The mean fGC levels were not significantly elevated during mating season compared to the postmating period. During the mating season, male dominance hierarchies broke down and rank effects could not be tested; however, there was no relationship between male rank and fGC levels in the postmating periods. In 2001, males that resided in the group with the fewest males exhibited lower fGC levels during the postmating period. They also affiliated more with females than did males in the other groups. During the mating season of 2003, males engaged in more affiliative behaviors with females compared to the postmating season, but female-male agonism did not differ by season. However, rates of intermale agonism were significantly higher during mating compared to postmating periods, but such heightened agonism did not translate to a higher stress response. Thus, neither male-male competition for mates nor heightened agonism between males during the breeding season affected male fGC levels. Fewer males residing in a group, however, did have some effect on male-female affiliation and male fGC levels outside of the mating period. Males that live in a group with only a few (two or three) males may experience less physiological stress than those that live in groups with more males.

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“…In contrast to females, the body mass of males becomes larger prior to the mating season in many mammal species (Pond 1978). Indeed, seasonally breeding primate males were reported to accumulate body fat before the mating season since mate guarding and/or consorting reduce energy intake and/or increase energy expenditure by males (Bernstein et al 1989;Bercovitch 1992;Dietz et al 1994;Alberts et al 1996;Muehlenbein et al 2002; but see also Bercovitch 1983;Rasmussen 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For example, feeding is an activity to gain energy and other nutrients to survive, whereas reproductive behavior such as mating, conception, and lactating offspring entail considerable energy expenditure (McFarland 1997). Many studies have been conducted in nonhuman primates, on nutritional status in terms of reproductive strategies and ecological adaptation (Goldizen et al 1988;Bercovitch 1992;Altmann et al 1993;Dietz et al 1994;Alberts et al 1996;Koenig et al 1997;Kurita et al 2002;Muehlenbein et al 2002Muehlenbein et al , 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Body mass is one of the most popular indices of nutritional condition in nonhuman primates (Smith and Jungers 1997), and fluctuations in body mass have been used as indicators of changes in the nutritional and/or sociosexual status of individual animals (Mori 1979;Goldizen et al 1988;Bernstein et al 1989;Altmann et al 1993;Dietz et al 1994;Zhao 1994;Morimitsu 1997;Fietz 1998;Atsalis 1999;Richard et al 2000;Kurita et al 2002). Subcutaneous or total body fat is another index of nutritional status (Pond 1978), and numerous studies have been conducted on relationships between skinfold thickness, used as a substitute of subcutaneous fat, and other variables such as morphometric measurements and socio-sexual attributes (Walike et al 1977;Small 1981;Walker et al 1984;Coelho 1985;Kemnitz and Francken 1986;Rutenberg et al 1987;Bercovitch 1992;Altmann et al 1993;Koganezawa 1995;Muehlenbein et al 2002;Hamada et al 2003; but see also Colman et al 1999). Recently, more component-specific techniques, such as tritiated water dilution (Jen et al 1985;Kemnitz and Francken 1986;Kemnitz et al 1989;Altmann et al 1993) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Colman et al 1999;Hamada et al 2003), have been used for the assessment of body composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variation and sex differences in the nutritional status in two local populations of wild Japanese macaques

2006

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Seasonal variations and sex differences in the nutritional status in two local populations of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata) were examined. It was hypothesized that the ecological condition and/or reproductive strategies of each sex determine the nutritional condition and its seasonal fluctuation in each sex. Morphometric measures such as body mass, thoracic and femoris circumferences, skinfold thickness in four places (triceps, biceps femoris, subscapular, and abdomen), and wet mass of mesenteric and omental fat were used for comparisons between sexes, seasons, and populations. Animals of the Shimane population were larger than those of the Boso population in most morphometric measures, abdominal skinfold, and mesenteric and omental fat mass, suggesting environmental and/or genetic differences in the two populations. Females of both populations had larger skinfolds and mesenteric and omental fat mass than males, indicating that females had more fat than males. Females showed seasonality in most measures, having two peaks of body mass, thoracic and femoris circumferences, abdominal skinfold, and mesenteric and omental fat masses in early spring and late fall. In contrast, males exhibited no clear seasonal variations for most measurements, except for biceps femoris and subscapular skinfolds, which showed peaks in summer. Most morphometric measurements significantly correlated to each other, particularly in females, but most skinfolds had no correlation with other measurements. These findings suggest that sexual dimorphism in body composition and its fluctuation may be affected by the different reproductive strategies of males and females.

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Estradiol concentrations, fat deposits, and reproductive strategies in male rhesus macaques

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Pioglitazone improves insulin action and normalizes menstrual cycles in a majority of prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys

Pioglitazone improves insulin action and normalizes menstrual cycles in a majority of prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys

Effects of reproductive and social variables on fecal glucocorticoid levels in a sample of adult male ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar

Seasonal variation and sex differences in the nutritional status in two local populations of wild Japanese macaques

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