Estragole: A review of its pharmacology, effect on animal health and performance, toxicology, and market regulatory issues

Mahendra, Mohamad Y.; Purba, Rayudika A.; Dadi, Tri B.; Pertiwi, Herinda

doi:10.33899/ijvs.2022.135092.2445

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…A-Kidney function tests: done by Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine (Mohammed, 2010) Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences B-Evaluate the protein profile: Albumin, Globulin, Total protein, Total bilirubin (Mahendra et al, 2023). C-Evaluate the redox system balance: Total antioxidant capacity (Idrees et al, 2023).…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deleterious Effects of Mercuric Chloride Toxicity Initiated Partially from Physiological Disorder of Kidney, Immunocytes and Redox System, can be Reversed by Resveratrol Administration

Dawood,

Alghetaa

2023

AAVS

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This study is designed to highlight some of the physiological disorders taken place in the renal function, immunological response as well as the ability of the redox system represented by total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels to combat the toxic exposure of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) with or without collaboration of resveratrol (RES) supplement. Forty-five adult Sprague Dawley, 8-10 weeks old female rats weighing 170-220 g were randomly grouped as following; control group (C) kept without any medication. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) used as vehicle to prepare RES treatment was given to D-group. RES administered to R-group. Challenge group of rats (HD) was administered HgCl2. The last group of rats (HR) was given HgCl2 with RES in the same doses mentioned earlier. All treatments lasted for four weeks. At the termination of the experiment, blood samples were collected to evaluate the renal function as well as to evaluate the redox system activity. Furthermore, peritoneal exudate was collected to determine the population of infiltrating cells by using trypan blue dye. Analyzed data revealed that there was renal dysfunction represented by significant (P<0.05) increase in blood urea of HD and HR groups in comparison with control group. Total antioxidants were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the blood of HR group than all others. Moreover, peritoneal exudate showed significant (P<0.05) exacerbation of immunocyte counts in HgCl2-administered groups in comparison with others. However, resveratrol administration to HR group drove the inflammatory cell counts to be significantly (P<0.05) lower than of HD group. Altogether, we can conclude that the resveratrol has the required biological effects to support the body responses against deleterious consequences of mercuric chloride poisoning.

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Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deleterious Effects of Mercuric Chloride Toxicity Initiated Partially from Physiological Disorder of Kidney, Immunocytes and Redox System, can be Reversed by Resveratrol Administration

Dawood,

Alghetaa

2023

AAVS

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“…Estragole is a phenylpropanoid constituent of the EOs of several aromatic plants such as F. vulgare, Artemisia dracunculus, Ocimum basilicum, Ravensara anisate, Agastache rugosa, and Pimpinella anisum. Estragole may act as a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen in rodent livers by producing DNA adducts responsible for the genotoxicity of estragole [15,16]. Hence, the quality of the EO decreases as the proportion of estragole increases, causing a decrease in Egyptian exports of fennel oil [8,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic and Bio-Fertilization on Fruit Yield, Bioactive Constituents, and Estragole Content in Fennel Fruits

et al. 2023

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Fennel fruits (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) represent one of the plant-based natural spices. This study aims to improve the fruit yield and essential oil (EO) quality by reducing the undesirable component, estragole, under different fertilizer treatments. The fertilizers included chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), and also the organic additive, rabbit manure (RM). For bio-fertilization, plants were inoculated with a mixture of N-fixing bacteria, and P- and K-solubilizing bacteria with/without vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The results showed that fruit and EO yield parameters, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH scavenging activity of fruit extracts were enhanced by fertilizer treatments in both growing seasons. NPK at 150% of the recommended dose (NPK150) and RM at 60 m3/fed (RM60) recorded the highest values of plant height, umbel number/plant, 100-fruit weight, fruit yield, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, N and P content, EO content, and yield. TPC and TFC were enhanced by using biological fertilizers. DPPH scavenging activity was higher in organically and biologically fertilized fennel. The GC-MS analyses of EO revealed higher contents of the desirable trans-anethole in the organically and chemically fertilized fennel. However, the highest proportion of estragole, the undesirable compound, was recorded for NPK150 and unfertilized plants. On the contrary, increases in the EO content and yield of fennel fruits were achieved by RM along with a reduction in estragole, enhancement in trans-anethole, and increments in other favorable compounds such as fenchone and limonene. In addition, the inhibition of estragole formation was recorded with bio-fertilizers, which also increased the trans-anethole content. Furthermore, the trans-anethole/estragole ratio was significantly higher with the application of organic and bio-fertilization. Hence, organic and bio-fertilizer resources can produce high-quality fennel fruit and EO. The reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers can help to reduce environmental pollution.

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A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Ocimum tenuiflorum

Bhattarai,

Pandey

et al. 2024

The Scientific World Journal

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Ocimum tenuiflorum, commonly known as Tulsi, is revered in Ayurveda for its extensive medicinal properties. However, there is a need to consolidate current knowledge on its phytochemical constituents and their pharmacological activities to identify potential areas for further research and drug development. This review aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the bioactive secondary metabolites found in O. tenuiflorum, such as rosmarinic acid, oleanolic acid, luteolin, ursolic acid, and limonene, and their associated therapeutic effects. The review will highlight the pharmacological importance of these metabolites, which exhibit antioxidant, neuroprotective, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Additionally, this study will explore the plant’s wide range of beneficial qualities, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticholinergic, pain‐relieving, antimicrobial, stress‐reducing, antidiabetic, anticancer, liver‐protective, ulcer‐inhibiting, antifungal, and wound‐healing attributes. Furthermore, this review focuses on the plant’s potential in treating conditions such as asthma, persistent fever, tuberculosis, malaria, skin discoloration, itching, digestive issues, hemorrhoids, bone fractures, gout, urinary tract infection, and diabetes. By reviewing the current literature, the aim is to identify the gaps in the existing research and propose directions for future studies. This comprehensive review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the development and investigation of novel drugs derived from O. tenuiflorum.

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Estragole: A review of its pharmacology, effect on animal health and performance, toxicology, and market regulatory issues

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

Deleterious Effects of Mercuric Chloride Toxicity Initiated Partially from Physiological Disorder of Kidney, Immunocytes and Redox System, can be Reversed by Resveratrol Administration

Deleterious Effects of Mercuric Chloride Toxicity Initiated Partially from Physiological Disorder of Kidney, Immunocytes and Redox System, can be Reversed by Resveratrol Administration

Effect of Organic and Bio-Fertilization on Fruit Yield, Bioactive Constituents, and Estragole Content in Fennel Fruits

A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Ocimum tenuiflorum

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