Estratégias para utilização de dados geofísicos na exploração de mineralizações do tipo Ni-Cu-PGE : a descoberta do depósito de limoeiro, PE

Abstract

The discovery of the Limoeiro ultramafic intrusion was guided by a magnetic anomaly that partly overlap a circular gamaspectrometric anomaly with low values of K-eTh-eU. The first field data for validation of the geophysical anomalies mapped the intrusion. In the center of the K-Th-U depletion, there was evidence of sulfide mineralization, represented by a gossan rich in Ni-Cu-PGE. The exposed and partially eroded portion of the ultramafic intrusion has 800 m in diameter. The derivate products of residual magnetic field mapped the extension of this the intrusion under the paragneisses of the Surubim Complex. Because of this continuity and evidence of surface mineralization, the Versatile Time Domain Electromagnetic (VTEM) airborne geophysical method was used, along with modeling and inversion of multi-source geophysical data combined with the integration of field geological data, leading to the first sulfide intersections of the mineralization of Ni-Cu-PGE. The mineralization associated with the Piçarra, Retiro and Parnazo orebodies of the Limoeiro ultramafic intrusion has multiple metric and continuous levels of massive sulfide (3% of the deposit volume), enveloped by disseminated sulfidation (97% of the deposit volume), thus rendering geophysical exploration by magnetic, electromagnetic and electrical methods quite effective. The assemblage of ore minerals of the Limoeiro orebodies, pyrrhotite (Po), pentlandite (Pn), and chalcopyrite (Cpy) makes the mineralization magnetic, conductive, dense and polarizable. Some steps of modeling and inverting geophysical data were applied, including Maxwell filament algorithm and resistivity-depth image (RDI) inversion for electromagnetic data and Magnetic Vector Inversion (MVI)-Voxi inversion of airborne and ground magnetometric data. After discovery of the mineralized orebodies, the electric method of spectral induced polarization (SIP) and ground magnetometry were important for delineating orebodies and mapping magmatic conduits. The petrophysical results validated the geophysical data models and inversions, making it possible to determine that some methodologies not previously applied can be used to search for new orebodies (e.g gradiometric gravimetric method). The detailed study of all available data associated with the geological model and type of mineralization allowed us to define a successful strategy of geophysical exploration in search of new magmatic sulfide deposits such as Limoeiro in Borborema Province.