Estriol Conjugates in Amniotic Fluid of Normal and Rh-Isoimmunized Patients¹

Estrogen conjugates in late-pregnancy fluids: extraction and group separation by a graphitized carbon black cartridge and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography

“…to determine the pattern of conjugation of estrogens in amniotic liquid and all of these were limited to profiling E3 and its metabolites. For these compounds, our data compared well with those reported elsewhere (6).…”

Chromatography as a reference technique for the determination of clinically important steroids

“…Indeed, free and total steroid concentrations have been determined by analysis of samples before and after hydrolysis (Axelson et al, 1981;Cartoni and Cocciolo, 1983;Reiffsteck et al, 1982). Clinically, the recent trend has been the determination of a single selected steroid conjugate (Adlercreutz et al, 1975;Stanczyk et al, 1980;Nambara et al, 1985) or all the conjugated forms of a single steroid (Andreolini et al, 1985b;Young et al, 1976Young et al, , 1974Alexander et al, 1979) or the conjugation profile of one class of steroid (Shimada et al, 1986;Fotsis, 1987;Fotsis et al, 1981). In rare cases, both free and conjugated steroids have been determined (Fotsis, 1987;Andreolini et al, 1985b).…”

Human Growth

“…Accumulation of sulfates in the fetal compartment is avoided because the "portal of exit" (the placenta and amniotic membranes) is rich in sulfatase, capable of cleaving the conjugates (Katz et al, 1965). The absence of significant activity of glucuronidase in the membranes is reflected in a relative accumulation of glucuronide-containing conjugates in amniotic fluid (B. K. Young et al, 1974). The transfer of steroids across the human placenta has been studied using perfusion techniques.…”