Estrogen Plus Progestin and Breast Cancer Detection by Means of Mammography and Breast Biopsy

Abstract

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000611.

Breast Cancer Incidence Rates in U.S. Women Are No Longer Declining

“…(Table 1). Second, the stable trends in incidence rates may reflect improved sensitivity of mammography without influence of HT, as HT increases breast density (16) and compromises the diagnostic performance of mammograms and breast biopsies (17). It may also in part reflect the relatively stable rates of screening mammography in the United States since 2000 (18).…”

Estrogen Plus Progestin and Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women

“…2,3 Now with longer follow-up, there remains a cumulative, statistically significant increase in breast cancers in the combined hormone therapy group and the cancers more commonly had lymph node involvement. The observed adverse influence on breast cancer mortality with combined hormone therapy can reasonably be explained by the influence on breast cancer incidence and stage.…”

“…1 Combined hormone therapy increased invasive breast cancers 1, 2 and delayed breast cancer diagnoses resulting in more advanced stage. 2,3 Recently, when examined after 7.9 years (1.4) mean (SD) follow-up, the breast cancer risk associated with combined hormone therapy declined soon after discontinuation of hormones. 4 Nonetheless, questions of clinical relevance remain, including the cumulative, long term effect of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer incidence and, whether breast cancer mortality is increased by combined hormone therapy use.…”

Rural disadvantage in breast cancer health-care service use and outcomes: quantifying the effects of individual risk factors and health service risk factors

“…Previous research has shown that prolonged use of combination HRT (estrogen and progesterone) increases the risk of breast cancer, as well as the risk of being diagnosed with advanced disease [185,186]. Findings from the current study indicated that breast cancer patients who reported HRT or OCP use before breast cancer diagnosis were less likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease.…”

“…However, due to the limited range of individual-specific variables available in the dataset, some previously identified individual risk factors for an advanced breast cancer at diagnosis were unexamined. Obesity, menopausal status, and smoking behaviour are individual factors associated with advanced breast cancer at diagnosis, and are more common among the rural Australian population [69,77,78,[183][184][185][186]]. These additional individual-level risk factors are not available in cancer registry datasets.…”