Estrogen production by fetal rat gonads

Weniger, J.-P.

doi:10.1016/0960-0760(93)90250-z

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…At early stages of development the concentration of sex steroids in males is much higher than in females. According to Weniger (1993) and Weniger et al (1993), estrogens have non detectible levels at foetal stages and before PND 5 during which time foetal testes are actively producing testosterone (Huhtaniemi, 1994). It is well established in animal experiments (Chowen et al, 2004) and human studies (Albertsson-Wikland et al, 1989;Delemarre-van de Waal et al, 2001;Kerrigan and Rogol, 1992) that sex steroids stimulate secretion of GH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Perinatal exposure to low-dose 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether affects growth in rat offspring: What is the role of IGF-1?

2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Perinatal exposure to low-dose 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether affects growth in rat offspring: What is the role of IGF-1?

2009

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“…The role of aromatase activities of the fetus in the conversion of maternal testosterone to estrogen is likely to be minor. Aromatase activities are detectable at low levels in both the testis and ovary of fetal mammals (46)(47)(48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

Watanabe¹,

Kurita²

2001

Environ Health Perspect

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This study was conducted to determine the impact of diesel exhaust inhalation on the fetus. Seventy-two pregnant rats and 18 nonpregnant rats were divided into three groups: a group exposed to total diesel engine exhaust containing 5.63 mg/m(3) particulate matter, 4.10 ppm nitrogen dioxide, and 8.10 ppm nitrogen oxide; a group exposed to filtered exhaust without particulate matter; and a group exposed to clean air. The exposure period was from day 7 until day 20 of pregnancy. In addition, 15 pregnant rats were treated with aromatase inhibitors or testosterone to clarify the process by which diesel exhaust exerts its toxicity. The anogenital distance was significantly longer in male and female fetuses from both exhaust-exposed groups than in those of the control. Differentiation of the testis, ovary, and thymus was delayed and disturbed. Maternal testosterone and progesterone levels, which increased due to pregnancy whether or not the rats were exposed, were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the pregnant rats exposed to total exhaust and filtered exhaust. The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (OHCS) did not differ among the pregnant groups. These results indicate that elevated testosterone did not result from elevated maternal adrenal function. The feto-placental-ovarian unit and inhibition of aromatase activity and synthesis caused by diesel exhaust inhalation might have played an essential role in the accumulation of testosterone. Since both exhaust-exposed groups showed almost the same reactions toward the inhalation, the gaseous phase must have included the relevant toxicants.

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“…Interestingly, cAMP is also one of the known modulators of StAR and aromatase expression in peripheral tissues (Richards and Hedin, 1988;Weniger, 1993;Genissel and Carreau, 2001;Stocco, 2001). cAMP has also been shown to up-regulate StAR expression in gliomas and astrocytes in culture (King et al, 2002).…”

Section: Starmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex differences, developmental changes, response to injury and cAMP regulation of the mRNA levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome p450scc, and aromatase in the olivocerebellar system

et al. 2006

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Compelling evidence has now demonstrated direct biological actions of sex steroids at the cerebellum. Likewise, the expression of key steroidogenic factors, such as the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc), and aromatase, at this neural site has been reported. Little is known, however, about the regulation of their genes in the cerebellum. Assessment of StAR, P450scc, and aromatase mRNAs in the cerebellum of male and female rats revealed that the expression of these genes is developmentally regulated, with the highest levels at early postnatal ages in both sexes and with significantly higher mRNA levels in postnatal males. Expression of these genes in the female remained unaltered after perinatal androgenization and along the estrous cycle. In contrast, damage of cerebellar afferent neurons of the inferior olivary nucleus evoked a significant increase in StAR, P450scc, and aromatase mRNA levels at this site, as well as a transient elevation in StAR mRNA at the cerebellum. Finally, enhancement of cAMP levels in cultured cerebellar neurons induced a significant increase in StAR and aromatase mRNA levels. In summary, we present herein novel evidence for the developmentally regulated and partially sexually dimorphic pattern of expression of StAR, P450scc, and aromatase genes in the rat cerebellum. These observations, together with the finding that the mRNA levels of these steroidogenic molecules are sensitive to injury and are regulated by intracellular cAMP, strongly suggest that local steroidogenesis is likely to play an important role during development and adaptation to neurodegenerative processes in the olivocerebellar system.

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Estrogen production by fetal rat gonads

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Perinatal exposure to low-dose 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether affects growth in rat offspring: What is the role of IGF-1?

Perinatal exposure to low-dose 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether affects growth in rat offspring: What is the role of IGF-1?

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

Sex differences, developmental changes, response to injury and cAMP regulation of the mRNA levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome p450scc, and aromatase in the olivocerebellar system

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