Estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta are expressed throughout postnatal development in the rat and rabbit growth plate

Nilsson, Ola; Abad, Verónica; Chrysis, Dionisios; Ritzén, E. M.; Sävendahl, Lars; Baron, Jeffrey

doi:10.1677/joe.0.1730407

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Previous studies found that ovariectomy accelerates, while subsequent high dose of estrogen administration suppresses, long bone growth (Silberberg and Silberberg 1971;Nilsson et al 2002;Chagin et al 2004;. This was confi rmed in the present study in that the heights of the growth plates and overall lengths of the femurs were greatest in the ovariectomized group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Ovariectomy with or without subsequent estrogen injection has been one of the major methodologies for investigating the effect of the female hormone, and several types of animals have been used for this method (Silberberg and Silberberg 1971;Weise et al 2001;Nilsson et al 2002Nilsson et al , 2003. In rabbits, sexual maturation starts around four months after birth (Suzuki et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ovariectomy led to accelerate the growth and delayed growth plate fusion, whereas high dose of estrogen administration suppressed growth with early growth plate fusion (Silberberg and Silberberg 1971;Nilsson et al 2002;Chagin et al 2004;. More recent studies suggested that estrogen might cause earlier exhaustion of the proliferating ability of chondrocytes (Weise et al 2001;Rodd et al 2004).…”

Section: Tissue Preparation and Morphological Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal Bone Growth Requires Optimal Estrogen Levels: Negative Effects of Both High and Low Dose Estrogen on the Number of Growth Plate Chondrocytes

Takano

Aizawa

Irie

et al. 2008

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Endochondral bone formation at epiphyseal growth plate consists of the synchronized processes of chondrogenesis and cartilage ossifi cation. Estrogen, the major female sex hormone, plays an important role in this process, particularly during the pubertal growth spurt. However, its effects on the growth plate are not completely understood. The aims of this study were to clarify the effects of estrogen on the kinetics of chondrocytes in the growth plates of 10-to 25-week-old female rabbits by studying the effects of ovariectomy or highdose administration of estrogen on the balance between cell proliferation and death. Fortyeight Japanese white rabbits were divided into three groups: sham operated, ovariectomized, or ovariectomized with subsequent weekly injection of high dose estrogen from 10 weeks. The chondrocyte kinetics was investigated by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry, using antibodies for caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, and for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Both ovariectomized and estrogen-injected rabbits showed a declination of the chondrocyte number although the latter animals indicated a more dramatic effect. Estrogen-injected rabbits showed a decrease in the cell proliferating ability together with an increase in chondrocytes undergoing apoptosis while ovariectomy mainly reduced the cell proliferating ability. Given the known importance of estrogen for bone growth, one would expect that ovariectomy and high-dose administration of estrogen would have opposite effects. However, the present study indicated that both low and high concentration had a similar effect: a decrease in the chondrocyte number compared with control, suggesting that estrogen has to be maintained within a narrow range for optimal bone growth. growth plate; chondrocyte; estrogen; ovariectomy; apoptosis.Tohoku

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Preparation and Morphological Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal Bone Growth Requires Optimal Estrogen Levels: Negative Effects of Both High and Low Dose Estrogen on the Number of Growth Plate Chondrocytes

Takano

Aizawa

Irie

et al. 2008

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Immunohistochemistry was performed as described elsewhere (Nilsson et al 2002). The primary rabbit polyclonal anti-IGF1 (H-70) antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and used at a dilution of 1:100 (Chagin et al 2006, Shao et al 2007.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Catch-up growth after dexamethasone withdrawal occurs in cultured postnatal rat metatarsal bones

Chagin¹,

Karimian²,

Sundström³

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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Children exposed to systemic glucocorticoids often exhibit growth retardation and after the cessation of therapy catch-up growth occurs in many, but not all patients. The developmental regulation and underlying cellular mechanisms of catch-up growth are not fully understood. To clarify this issue, we established an in vitro model of catch-up growth. Here we present a protocol for the long-term culture (up to 160 days) of fetal (E20) as well as postnatal (P8) rat metatarsal bones which allowed us to characterize ex vivo the phenomenon of catch-up growth without any influence by systemic factors. The relevance of the model was confirmed by the demonstration that the growth of fetal and postnatal bones were stimulated by IGF1 (100 ng/ml) and inhibited by dexamethasone (Dexa; 1 mM). We found that the capacity to undergo catch-up growth was restricted to postnatal bones. Catch-up growth occurred after postnatal bones had been exposed to Dexa for 7 or 12 days but not after a more prolonged exposure (19 days). Incomplete catch-up growth resulted in compromised bone length when assessed at the end of the 4-month period of culture. While exposure to Dexa was associated with decreased chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, catchup growth was only associated with increased cell proliferation. We conclude that the phenomenon of catch-up growth after Dexa treatment is intrinsic to the growth plate and primarily mediated by an upregulation of chondrocyte proliferation.

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“…ER· and ERß have been located in several mammalian growth plates including the human (6,28,29) and articular cartilage (30). The presence of ER is an important requirement for in vitro studies on the mechanisms of estrogen action on growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of 3D-culture on the expression of differentiation markers and hormone receptors in growth plate chondrocytes as compared to articular chondrocytes

Albrecht

Helmreich²,

Tichy³

et al. 2009

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. In this study we compared the expression of hormone receptors and markers of differentiation in growth plate chondrocytes (GPC) and articular chondrocytes (AC) under different culture conditions by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. After one week of monolayer culture, porcine GPC and AC of 6-8-week-old piglets were either seeded in alginate beads or further grown in monolayer culture up to 5 weeks. During monolayer culture the expression of Col2, Col1, Col10, aggrecan, ER· and ERß decreased dramatically, whereas culture in alginate beads restored an expression pattern similar to native tissue. The receptors IGF-1R, IGF-2R and GHR were, however, increased in monolayer culture compared to alginate culture or native tissue. The relative proportion of ER· and ERß expression was different in GPC when compared to AC. All of our results on mRNA expression during culture in alginate beads were also verified to be translated to the protein level. Thus, the expression of hormone rereptors and differentiation markers were found to be highly influenced by culture conditions. Moreover, the porcine model is promising as defined by tissue availability, expression of relevant hormonal receptors and comparability to human conditions, in particular in the area of basic growth research.

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Estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta are expressed throughout postnatal development in the rat and rabbit growth plate

Cited by 49 publications

References 46 publications

Normal Bone Growth Requires Optimal Estrogen Levels: Negative Effects of Both High and Low Dose Estrogen on the Number of Growth Plate Chondrocytes

Normal Bone Growth Requires Optimal Estrogen Levels: Negative Effects of Both High and Low Dose Estrogen on the Number of Growth Plate Chondrocytes

Catch-up growth after dexamethasone withdrawal occurs in cultured postnatal rat metatarsal bones

Impact of 3D-culture on the expression of differentiation markers and hormone receptors in growth plate chondrocytes as compared to articular chondrocytes

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