Estrogen Receptor Alpha Signaling Is Responsible for the Female Sex Bias in the Loss of Tolerance and Immune Cell Activation Induced by the Lupus Susceptibility Locus Sle1b

Graham, Jared H.; Yoachim, Shayla D.; Gould, Karen A.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.582214

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…High E2 concentration is correlated with immune-reactivity around ovulation ( 24 ). Both hormone replacement therapy after menopause and use of combined contraceptive pills produce a similar potent immune response and protection against viral infections ( 25 ). Besides, progesterone and testosterone have immunosuppressive effects on cell-mediated response and innate immunity.…”

Section: Estrogen and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout

et al. 2021

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In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, an intensive number of studies have been performed to understand in a deeper way the mechanisms behind better or worse clinical outcomes. Epidemiologically, men subjects are more prone to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections than women, with a similar scenario being also stated to the previous coronavirus diseases, namely, SARS-CoV in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus diseases (MERS-CoV) in 2012. In addition, and despite that aging is regarded as an independent risk factor for the severe form of the disease, even so, women protection is evident. In this way, it has been expected that sex hormones are the main determinant factors in gender differences, with the immunomodulatory effects of estrogen in different viral infections, chiefly in Covid-19, attracting more attention as it might explain the case-fatality rate and predisposition of men for Covid-19 severity. Here, we aim to provide a mini-review and an overview on the protective effects of estrogen in Covid-19. Different search strategies were performed including Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Pubmed, and Google Scholar database to find relative studies. Findings of the present study illustrated that women have a powerful immunomodulating effect against Covid-19 through the effect of estrogen. This study illustrates that estrogens have noteworthy anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects in Covid-19. Also, estrogen hormone reduces SARS-CoV-2 infectivity through modulation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This study highlighted the potential protective effect of estrogen against Covid-19 and recommended for future clinical trial and prospective studies to elucidate and confirm this protective effect.

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Section: Estrogen and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout

et al. 2021

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“…(22) Graham JH, et al, revealed that both estrogen and progesterone when used as replacement therapy to the menopausal women as combined contraceptive pills lead to increase immune response and give a protection against viral infections. (23) Nevertheless, type 2 immune response activated by progesterone while its inhibit type 1 immune response, and this might explain the association between the use of progestin-only contraceptive depot and the risk of human immune deficiency virus (HIV). (24) Moreover, progesterone has powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effects and E2 inhibits innate immunity through suppression of immune cell migration, mainly neutrophils and monocytes to the inflamed area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between the concentration of ovarian steroid and the severity of COVID-19 in females

Aubead¹,

Salman²

2022

ijhs

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Background: Coronaviruses are positive single-stranded RNA viruses that have a spherical shape and some spike-shaped proteins (spike proteins) that project from their surface, from which they derive their name because they resemble a solar corona. The RNA sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is approximately thirty thousand nucleotides in length and encodes both structural and non-structural proteins. Objective: To assess the relation between the concentration of ovarian steroid and the severity of covid-19 in females. Patients and method: A cross sectional study carried at Consulting clinic for chest and respiratory diseases in Babylon Governorate at the period from 1st of January 2021 to the 1st of June 2021. Patients were female infected with COVID-19 with in age between 25-65 years old. Results: mean age in the studied group was (44.75±13.87) years and the main age group between 40-49 years (29.6%), the majority of the patients (96.3%) were married women, and (71.6%) were obese.

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“…Similarly, male ER-a KO NZB/W F1 mice had decreased mortality and a reduction in autoantibody production (17). In keeping with this, ER-a KO mice on the NZM2410 and B6SLE1b backgrounds exhibited reduced glomerulonephritis and proteinuria and increased survival, likely through a reduction in Band T-cell hyperactivation (18,19). While ER-a KO mice have provided critical evidence on the role of estrogen in the development of SLE, an ER-b KO on a lupus background has not yet been developed.…”

Section: Sex Hormones and Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cardiac and vascular complications in lupus: Is there a role for sex?

et al. 2023

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common systemic autoimmune disorder and is characterized by autoantibody formation and subsequent immune complex deposition into target organs. SLE affects nearly nine women to every one man worldwide. Patients with SLE are at an enhanced risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide and includes heart and blood vessel disorders, cerebrovascular disease, and rheumatic heart disease. Specific mechanisms by which cardiac and vascular pathophysiology develops in patients with SLE are still not fully known. Not only do we not understand this correlation between SLE and CVD, but there is also a critical gap in scientific knowledge on the contribution of sex. In this review, we will discuss the cardiac and vascular pathological disease states that are present in some patients with SLE. More importantly, we will discuss the potential mechanisms for the role of sex and sex hormones in the development of CVD with SLE.

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Estrogen Receptor Alpha Signaling Is Responsible for the Female Sex Bias in the Loss of Tolerance and Immune Cell Activation Induced by the Lupus Susceptibility Locus Sle1b

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout

The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout

The correlation between the concentration of ovarian steroid and the severity of COVID-19 in females

Cardiac and vascular complications in lupus: Is there a role for sex?

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