Estrogen Receptor Localization in the Female Genital Tract

Press, Michael F.; Nousek-Goebl, Nancy A.; Bur, Martin; Greene, Geoffrey L.

doi:10.1097/00006254-198742030-00015

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These results are in strong contrast to the results published by others (Pickartz et al 1990;Press et al 1984;Press et al 1986), who, also using antibodies specific to the estrogen receptor, detected persistence of the estrogen receptor in the zona basalis during the whole luteal phase, despite a dramatic reduction in the number of estrogen receptors in the zona functionalis. Press et al (1984) found up to 25% strongly estrogen receptorpositive nuclei in the zona basalis (compared to approximately 3% in the functionalis) during the mid-and late luteal phase in the human endometrium.…”

Section: Comparisons To the Human Endometriumcontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Macaque Endometrium, with Special Reference to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Esch¹,

Cline²,

Buse³

et al. 2008

Toxicol Pathol

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The macaque endometrium undergoes dramatic morphologic and functional changes during the menstrual cycle that are nearly identical to those of the human endometrium. The sequential events that take place in the endometrium are mainly driven by the ovarian steroids and their respective receptors. To be able to interpret the changes and effects induced by mammalian or synthetic hormones and other compounds that could have influence on the hormonal status of the animal, a thorough knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and histology of the cyclic hormone-mediated processes within the endometrium is indispensable. In this paper we give an overview of uterine growth and development, anatomy, basic histology, aging, spontaneous pathology, and the techniques to study the endometrium in-life. In addtion, a comprehensive description of the receptor-mediated, hormonedriven morphological changes during the menstrual cycle in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) is given. Where possible, differences between the macaque and human endometria are discussed.Keywords: female reproduction; endometrium; histology; menstrual cycle; hormone receptors; endometrial dating; cynomolgus monkey.human. For this reason, monkey species belonging to this group are preferred as experimental models in studies of human reproduction, pharmacology, and toxicology. Especially for studies with sex hormones, synthetic steroidal compounds or compounds that interfere with the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian (or testicular) axis, such monkey species are predictive . The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) are the species most often used for these purposes. In our laboratories, purpose-bred cynomolgus monkeys are used for such studies. Besides their resemblance in menstrual cycle physiology, these monkeys are relatively small and easy to handle.Both the human and the macaque monkey endometria undergo dramatic morphologic and functional changes during the menstrual cycle. The sequential events that take place in the endometrium are mainly driven by the ovarian steroids estradiol and progesterone and their respective receptors.To be able to interpret the changes and effects induced by mammalian or synthetic hormones and other compounds that could have influence on the hormonal status of the animal, or that interfere with the regulatory processes within the endometrium, a thorough knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and histology of cyclic hormone-mediated processes within the endometrium is indispensable.In this paper we give a brief overview of endometrial growth and development, anatomy, basic histology, and the effects of aging, and we briefly discuss the spontaneous pathology of the endometrium of macaques. The receptor-mediated,

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Section: Comparisons To the Human Endometriumcontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Macaque Endometrium, with Special Reference to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Esch¹,

Cline²,

Buse³

et al. 2008

Toxicol Pathol

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“…Differential ovarian hormone receptor staining of the luminal and glandular epithelium has been described in women (Press et al, 1986;Press and Greene, 1988) and monkeys (Okulicz et al, 1993). We also observed more intense receptor staining in the glandular than luminal epithelium.…”

Section: Estrogen and Progesterone Receptorssupporting

confidence: 77%

Characteristics of the uterine luminal surface epithelium at preovulatory and preimplantation stages in the marmoset monkey

2001

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Light and electron microscopy was used to examine the apical luminal epithelial surface of the uterus at preovulatory and preimplantation stages in the marmoset monkey. Luminal surface charge, detected by cationic ferritin staining, progressively decreased from preovulation to day 11 of pregnancy. The smooth, regular apical plasma membrane at preovulatory stages was in contrast to the convoluted, irregular surface observed during early pregnancy, especially at 1 day before blastocyst implantation. Profiles of microvilli were also altered, becoming thicker and more irregular during early pregnancy. Within the epithelial cell body, cyclic morphologic changes were seen, largely in association with secretory organelles. Giant phagocytic bodies were prominent at all stages examined, although their composition and intensity of staining varied throughout the cycle. Weak to moderate estrogen alpha and progesterone receptor immunostaining of the luminal epithelium was found during preovulatory and early pregnancy stages. This study describes complex cyclic changes in the morphology and biochemical make-up of the uterine luminal epithelial surface in a New World monkey in preparation for blastocyst attachment. Anat Rec 264: [82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] 2001.

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“…Thus, the epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells associated with the genital tract have unique features that enable them to adapt to this dynamic milieu. This would include the expression of hormone receptors, hormone-dependent immune function, and unique genital tract-specific defensins and mucins (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response toNeisseria gonorrhoeaeby Cervicovaginal Epithelial Cells Occurs in the Absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Signaling

Fichorova

Cronin

Lien

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

212

174

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have recently been identified as fundamental components of the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. We investigated the role of TLR signaling in immune defense of the mucosal epithelial cells of the lower female genital tract. This site provides first line defense against microbial pathogens while remaining tolerant to a complex biosystem of resident microbiota. Epithelial cells derived from normal human vagina, ectocervix, and endocervix expressed mRNA for TLR1, -2, -3, -5, and -6. However, they failed to express TLR4 as well as MD2, two essential components of the receptor complex for LPS in phagocytes and endothelial cells. Consistent with this, endocervical epithelial cells were unresponsive to protein-free preparations of lipooligosaccharide from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and LPS from Escherichia coli. However, they were capable of responding to whole Gram-negative bacteria and bacterial lysates, as demonstrated by NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. The presence of soluble CD14, a high-affinity receptor for LPS and other bacterial ligands, enhanced the sensitivity of genital tract epithelial cells to both low and high concentrations of bacteria, suggesting that soluble CD14 can act as a coreceptor for non-TLR4 ligands. These data demonstrate that the response to N. gonorrhoeae and other Gram-negative bacteria at the mucosal surface of the female genital tract occurs in the absence of endotoxin recognition and TLR4-mediated signaling.

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Estrogen Receptor Localization in the Female Genital Tract

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

The Macaque Endometrium, with Special Reference to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

The Macaque Endometrium, with Special Reference to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Characteristics of the uterine luminal surface epithelium at preovulatory and preimplantation stages in the marmoset monkey

Response toNeisseria gonorrhoeaeby Cervicovaginal Epithelial Cells Occurs in the Absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Signaling

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