Estrogen receptor α and β expression in the vaginal walls and uterosacral ligaments of premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Chen, Gin‐Den; Oliver, Rush H.; Leung, Benjamin S.; Lin, Long-Yau; Yeh, John

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00113-2

Cited by 101 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…18 Although functional receptors for estrogen exist in both vaginal and clitoral tissues, their role in the regulation of vaginal and clitoral structure and function has not been thoroughly investigated. 19,20 Our present study, in conjunction with previous reports, suggests that physiologic levels of circulating estrogen may be of great importance in maintaining the normal hemodynamic necessary for vaginal and clitoral engorgement. Physiologic levels of estrogen also appear to play an important role in maintaining the normal structure of the vaginal wall and clitoral cavernosal tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Decreased circulating levels of estrogen alter vaginal and clitoral blood flow and structure in the rabbit

et al. 2001

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Aging and menopause related decline in circulating levels of estrogen has been shown to adversely affect female sexual arousal function. Our aim was to study the effects of circulating levels of estrogen on the hemodynamic mechanism of vaginal and clitoral engorgement and on the structure of the vaginal and clitoral cavernosal tissue in the rabbit.New Zealand White female rabbits (3.5 ± 4 kg) were randomly divided into three groups with ®ve rabbits in each group: control; bilateral oophorectomy; bilateral oophorectomy undergoing subcutaneous injection of estrogen (40 m mgakgaday). After 6 weeks, the serum levels of 17 b-estradiol were measured and systemic blood pressure was monitored. Vaginal and clitoral cavernosal blood ows were measured with laser Doppler¯owmeter before and after pelvic nerve stimulation. Cross sections of the clitoris and vagina were processed for histologic examination and histomorphometric image analysis.Serum level of 17 b-estradiol (pgaml; mean AE s.d.) revealed a signi®cant decrease in the oophorectomy group (25.4 AE 5.1) compared with the control (38.5 AE 7.6) and estrogen replacement (115.9 AE 57.3) groups (P`0.05). Nerve stimulation-induced peak vaginal and clitoral intracavernosal blood¯ows in the oophorectomy group (28.9 AE 16.3 and 6.1 AE 1.4, respectively) were signi®cantly less than those recorded in the control (48.9 AE 6.5 and 11.0 AE 2.4, respectively) or estrogen replacement (48.7 AE 12.2 and 10.1 AE 2.8, respectively) group (P`0.05). In histology, marked thinning of the vaginal epithelial layers, decreased vaginal submucosal microvasculature, and diffuse clitoral cavernosal ®brosis were evident in the oophorectomy group but not in the estrogen supplement and control groups. In histomorphometry, the percentage of clitoral cavernosal smooth muscle in the oophorectomy group (49.6 AE 6.2) was signi®cantly decreased compared with the control (56.8 AE 2.6) and estrogen replacement (58 AE 3.0) groups (P`0.05).Our studies show that decline in circulating levels of estrogen impairs the hemodynamic mechanism of vaginal and clitoral engorgement and leads to histopathologic changes in the vagina and clitoral cavernosal tissue. These observations suggest that decreased circulating levels of estrogen, a physiologic change in the menopausal state, may play a role in the development of female sexual arousal dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Decreased circulating levels of estrogen alter vaginal and clitoral blood flow and structure in the rabbit

et al. 2001

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“…Comparative studies on USL of women with and without POP are sparse. In those the involvement of various hormone receptors has been shown on the qualitative mRNA or protein level but the results were conflicting [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxin and gonadal steroid receptors in uterosacral ligaments of women with and without pelvic organ prolapse

et al. 2011

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“…6 The uterosacral ligaments and the vaginal walls contain estrogen receptors, which are seen in significantly higher number in premenopausal women as compared to postmenopausal women. 7 An abnormal collagen must be a probable cause in this patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Uterine Procidentia in a 20 Y Ea R Ol D Unmarried Nulliparous Woman: A Case Report

Chauhan¹,

Agashe²,

Gopal³

et al. 2015

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Pelvic floor weaknesses are usually caused as a result of a vaginal delivery and are caused by tearing and stretching of the endopelvic fascia, the levator muscles and the perineal body. Sometimes pudendal and perineal neuropathies may also be associated with childbirth. 1 Prolapse in a nulliparous woman may occur due to congenital weakness of pelvic floor ligments, spina bifida occulta or associated neurological abnormalities. Here we present a case of a 20 year old unmarried woman with complete uterine prolapse not associated with any other disease. She underwent a Shirodkar's sling operation for the same with no recurrence for a followup of 1 year.

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Estrogen receptor α and β expression in the vaginal walls and uterosacral ligaments of premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Cited by 101 publications

References 4 publications

Decreased circulating levels of estrogen alter vaginal and clitoral blood flow and structure in the rabbit

Decreased circulating levels of estrogen alter vaginal and clitoral blood flow and structure in the rabbit

Relaxin and gonadal steroid receptors in uterosacral ligaments of women with and without pelvic organ prolapse

Uterine Procidentia in a 20 Y Ea R Ol D Unmarried Nulliparous Woman: A Case Report

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