Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Gallbladder Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Uhler, M.L.; Marks, Jay W.; Judd, Howard L.

doi:10.1097/00042192-200007030-00006

Cited by 61 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…As per our literature survey there was very limited studies have been done in this direction to reveal the exact association of estrogen and gall bladder cancer [22][23][24] . We also found that the lipid profile and estradiol levels were almost similar among males and significantly different among females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum estrogen level and lipid profile in Gall stone and Gallbladder cancer: a case control study

Singh¹,

Dwivedi²,

Chandra³

et al. 2013

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conditions related to higher levels of estrogens, suggesting that endogenous estrogens are involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions by altering bile acid composition and gallbladder motility.Although the mechanism underlying this association is still unclear. [22][23][24] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum estrogen level and lipid profile in Gall stone and Gallbladder cancer: a case control study

Singh¹,

Dwivedi²,

Chandra³

et al. 2013

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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“…In addition, the null effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use is consistent with the results of previous studies on biliary stones (Pagliarulo et al, 2004;Dhiman and Chawla, 2006) and biliary tract cancers (Milne and Vessey, 1991;Chow et al, 1994;Moerman et al, 1994), but the prevalence of OC use in the population is low (20% controls) and we lacked information on duration, composition, dose, and age of use. Furthermore, few subjects received hormone replacement therapy (2.4% controls), which has been associated with gallstones (Uhler et al, 2000;Simon et al, 2001;Chen et al, 2006) and gallbladder cancer (Gallus et al, 2002;Fernandez et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive factors and risks of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China

et al. 2010

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BACKGROUND: Parity has been linked to gallbladder cancer and gallstones, but the effects of other reproductive factors are less clear. METHODS: We examined 361 incident biliary tract cancer cases, 647 biliary stone cases, and 586 healthy women in a population-based study in Shanghai. RESULTS: The effects of parity (odds ratios, OR X3 vs 1 child ¼ 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7 -5.1), younger age at first birth (OR per 1-year decrease ¼ 1.2, 95% CI 0.99 -1.6), and older age at menarche (OR per 1-year increase ¼ 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 -1.8) on gallbladder cancer risk were more pronounced among women with stones, but the interactions were not significant. CONCLUSION: Our results provide support for high parity, younger age at first birth, and late age at menarche in the development of gallbladder cancer, particularly among women with biliary stones.

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“…A large number of human and animal studies have proposed that estrogen increases the risk of developing cholesterol gallstones by augmenting the hepatic secretion of biliary cholesterol that leads to an increase in cholesterol saturation of bile (4,(8)(9)(10)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). The major findings of this study are that i) high physiological doses of E 2 delivered via subcutaneous hormone-release pellets significantly enhance the hepatic output of newly synthesized cholesterol, thereby increasing biliary total cholesterol output in a gallstone-resistant strain of OVX AKR mice; ii) during E 2 treatment, even under high dietary cholesterol loads, mice continue to synthesize cholesterol in the liver because the negative feedback regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis determined by the SREBP-2 pathway is inhibited by E 2 through the hepatic ERa; and iii) these biological effects of E 2 can be completely blocked by the antiestrogenic agent ICI 182,780 through a mechanism involved in the inhibition of hepatic ERa activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of estrogen receptor α increases hepatic cholesterogenesis, leading to biliary hypersecretion in mice

Wang

Afdhal

Wang

2006

Journal of Lipid Research

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We explored whether there is an ''estrogen-ERa-SREBP-2'' (for estrogen-estrogen receptor subtype a-sterolregulatory element binding protein-2) pathway for regulating hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis in ovariectomized AKR mice treated with 17b-estradial (E 2 ) at 6 mg/day or E 2 plus the antiestrogenic agent ICI 182,780 at 125 mg/day and on chow or fed a high-cholesterol (1%) diet for 14 days. To monitor changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and newly synthesized cholesterol secreted into bile, incorporation into digitonin-precipitable sterols in mice treated with 25 mCi of [ 3 H]water was measured in extracts of liver and extrahepatic organs 1 h later and in hepatic biles 6 h later. ERa upregulated SREBP-2, with resulting activation of SREBP-2-responsive genes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. The E 2 -treated mice continued to synthesize cholesterol in spite of its excess availability from high dietary cholesterol, which reflects a loss in controlling the negative feedback regulation of cholesterol synthesis. These alterations augmented biliary cholesterol secretion and enhanced the lithogenicity of bile. However, these lithogenic effects of E 2 were fully blocked by ICI 182,780. We conclude that during estrogen treatment, more newly synthesized cholesterol determined by the estrogen-ERa-SREBP-2 pathway is secreted into bile, leading to biliary cholesterol hypersecretion. These studies provide insights into therapeutic approaches to cholesterol gallstones in high-risk subjects, especially those exposed to high levels of estrogen.-Wang, H. H., N. H. Afdhal, and D. Q-H. Wang. Overexpression of estrogen receptor a increases hepatic cholesterogenesis, leading to biliary hypersecretion in mice. J. Lipid Res. 2006. 47: 778-786.

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Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Gallbladder Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Serum estrogen level and lipid profile in Gall stone and Gallbladder cancer: a case control study

Serum estrogen level and lipid profile in Gall stone and Gallbladder cancer: a case control study

Reproductive factors and risks of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China

Overexpression of estrogen receptor α increases hepatic cholesterogenesis, leading to biliary hypersecretion in mice

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