Estrogens, oral contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy increase the incidence of cutaneous melanoma: a population-based case–control study

Koomen, E.R.; Joosse, Arjen; Herings, Ron M. C.; Casparie, Mariël K.; Guchelaar, Henk‐Jan; Nijsten, Tamar

doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn589

Cited by 79 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Feskanich et al [12], using data from the Nurses' Health Study, and Koomen et al [13], using linked data from Holland, found an increased melanoma risk with oral contraceptive use. In contrast, early results from our own research group [14], two meta-analyses [10,15] and a pooled analysis of case-control studies [16] found no evidence for an association between the two.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between in-vitro fertilization, birth and melanoma

Stewart¹,

Holman²,

Finn³

et al. 2013

Melanoma Research

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A link between reproductive hormones and melanoma has long been suspected, and has been examined for numerous hormonal exposures, but the association between in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and melanoma has not been studied in depth. We used whole-population linked hospital and registry data to carry out a cohort study of women aged 20-44 years seeking hospital investigation and treatment for infertility in Western Australia from 1982 to 2002 with follow-up to 2010. The cohort comprised a total of 21 604 women followed for an average of 17.2 years. Of these, 7524 had IVF treatment, 14 870 gave birth and 149 women were diagnosed with an incident invasive melanoma. Using Cox regression analysis, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for melanoma associated with IVF and parity. Women who had IVF and gave birth had an increased rate of invasive melanoma compared with women who had IVF and remained nulliparous (HR 3.61; 95% confidence interval 1.79-7.26). There was little or no increase in the rate of invasive melanoma associated with giving birth in women who had non-IVF infertility treatment (HR 1.39; 95% confidence interval 0.88-2.20). These results suggest an association between reproductive factors and melanoma in the subgroup of women undergoing IVF treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between in-vitro fertilization, birth and melanoma

Stewart¹,

Holman²,

Finn³

et al. 2013

Melanoma Research

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“…Recently, in a large population-based case-control study, we showed a cumulative dosedependent association between the use of estrogens, for both OC and HRT, and the incidence of CM [5]. The clinical relevance of our findings, however, requires further study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Does use of estrogens decrease the Breslow thickness of melanoma of the skin? Oral contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy

Koomen

Joosse²,

Herings³

et al. 2009

Melanoma Research

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Recently, we showed there was a cumulative dose-dependent association between the use of estrogens and the incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM). This association was shown for both oral contraceptives (OC) and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). Some in-vitro studies, however, have suggested a direct inhibitory effect on melanoma tumor growth. Therefore, the use of different types of estrogens, OC and HRT, may be associated with a decreased Breslow thickness. Consequently, the clinical impact of our earlier findings may be limited. In this study, we investigated whether estrogen use (0.5 year), OC or HRT, is associated with a decreased Breslow thickness. For this study, we linked the national Dutch pathology database (PALGA) to a pharmacy database (PHARMO). Cases were women with a primary CM between 1 January 1991 and 14 December 2004, aged > or =18 years and having > or =3 years of follow-up before diagnosis of CM. In total, 687 women with melanoma were included. Univariable linear regression analysis suggested a decreased Breslow thickness with the use of OC and HRT. Statistically significant interaction was observed between age and estrogen use (P<0.01) suggesting effect modification by age. However, in stratified multivariable analyses for different age groups (<45, 45-55, > or =55 years), no statistically significant associations between the use of OC or HRT and Breslow thickness were observed. In conclusion, an association between use of OC and HRT and Breslow thickness could not be confirmed.

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“…It is possible that there are more White men than women in South Africa who have outdoor occupations, who might wear fewer clothes than women, and who use less personal photoprotection than women. Whether any gender difference in incidence or body site distribution goes beyond societal differences is uncertain at present (40,41).…”

Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Cutaneous Melanoma in the White and Black African Population Groups in South Africa

Norval

Wright

2017

Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy

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Abstract:In this chapter, two South African population groups, White and Black African, are compared with regard to cutaneous melanoma (CM). The incidence of CM in Black Africans is about 10% of that in Whites, explained at least in part by the protection offered by cutaneous melanin. The incidence has probably risen in Whites over the past 40 years but seems to be unchanged in Black Africans. The commonest CM subtype in Whites is superficial spreading; it occurs on various body sites, the most frequent being the trunk in males and the lower leg/hip in women. Most CMs in both male and female Black Africans are found on the lower leg and/or hip with a significant proportion being acral lentiginous melanoma, a subtype rarely seen in Whites. Risk factors including exposure to the sun, trauma, human immunodeficiency virus infection, albinism, age, and genetics are summarized and are likely to differ between the two population groups. The stage of CM at diagnosis tends to be more advanced in Black Africans than in Whites and, similarly, the survival rates are considerably lower in Black Africans. Reasons for the differences in CM between the two population groups are suggested.

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Estrogens, oral contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy increase the incidence of cutaneous melanoma: a population-based case–control study

Abstract: Our study suggests a cumulative dose-dependent increased risk of CM with the use of estrogens.

Cited by 79 publications

References 24 publications

Association between in-vitro fertilization, birth and melanoma

Association between in-vitro fertilization, birth and melanoma

Does use of estrogens decrease the Breslow thickness of melanoma of the skin? Oral contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy

The Epidemiology of Cutaneous Melanoma in the White and Black African Population Groups in South Africa

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