Estrone in food: a factor influencing the development of obesity?

Remesar, Xavier; Tang, Vi T; Ferrer, Elisabet; Torregrosa, C.; Virgili, J.; Masanés, R. M.; Fernández-López, José Antonio; Alemany, M

doi:10.1007/s003940050068

Cited by 55 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…1,11 The analysis of three strains of lean rats with different mean lipid content showed that their estrone balances were fairly similar, and in line with that described for Wistar rats receiving oleoyl-estrone gavages. Dietary estrone was rapidly and effectively disposed of, and the body content of estrone was correlated with body fat in Wistar (irrespective of gender) and Zucker lean rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Zucker obese rats store less acyl-estrone than lean controls

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE: To measure acyl-estrone levels in the plasma of Zucker obese rats. If these are lower than expected on the basis of their body-fat content, as observed in morbidly obese humans, this might provide a possible link relating obesity and low body estrone levels. We also examined the effect of pharmacological treatment with oral oleoyl-estrone on the accumulation of estrone. DESIGN: Undisturbed Wistar, Goto-Kakizaki and Zucker (lean Fa/?and obese fa/fa) rats were used to determine the relation between circulating acyl-estrone and body lipids, as well as the total body estrone/lipid ratios. One group of Wistar rats was used to measure the effect of oral gavages of oleoyl-estrone (from 0 to 20 mmol/kg/day) for 10 days on the body content of estrone. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight change and food intake. Total estrone intake, estrone accrual and excretion (by difference) in rats receiving oleoyl-estrone. Total body lipid and estrone. Circulating acyl-estrone levels. RESULTS: In lean rats (Wistar, Zucker and Goto-Kakizaki) there was a direct relation between body lipid content and circulating acyl-estrone; this relation was not found in Zucker obese rats. The estrone/lipid mass ratio was in a similar range in lean rats, but obese animals showed much lower values. Wistar rats receiving pharmacological doses of oleoyl-estrone did not accumulate significant amounts of estrone, but excreted almost all the estrone ingested. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacological administration of acyl-estrone to rats does not result in the accrual of estrone within a wide range of doses, which confirms the safety of this compound. In rats there is a similar relation between the percentage of body lipids and circulating acyl-estrone to that found in humans. Likewise, obese rats showed lower levels of acyl-estrone than expected. The total content of estrone in the bodies of obese rats was also lower than expected from their high lipid content, which suggests that obese rats are deficient in acyl-estrone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Zucker obese rats store less acyl-estrone than lean controls

et al. 2003

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“…The administration of fairly diluted doses of oleoyl-estrone in hyperlipidic diets results in enhanced increases in body weight, 19 an effect that has been attributed to the anabolic effects of free estrone. 1 The effects of oleoyl-estrone on the body energy budget are summarized in Figure 3, as described elsewhere: 1,2 maintained energy expenditure combined with lower food intake creates an energy gap that is ®lled with internal fat stores and preserves body protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, oleoyl-estrone is rapidly taken up by tissues and hydrolysed to estrone, 17,18 which induces body weight increases 1 when given alone. It may be assumed, then, that an increase in circulating estrone levels 19 counteracts the down-setting of the ponderostat elicited by oleoyl-estrone. The presence of oleoyl-estrone in lipoproteins leaves open the possibility of naturally loading the chylomicra derived from the digestion of dietary fats, by giving the compound with a hyperlipidic diet to mimic, to some extent, the high-fat diets consumed by humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral oleoyl-estrone induces the rapid loss of body fat in Zucker lean rats fed a hyperlipidic diet

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: To test whether oleoyl-estrone affects body weight when given orally, which may help curtail the secondary growth-boosting effects of derived estrone. DESIGN: The rats were fed for 15 days with a powdered hyperlipidic diet (16.97 MJakg metabolizable energy) in which 46.6% was lipid-derived and 16.1% protein-derived energy (HL group), containing 1.23 AE 0.39 m mmolakg of fatty-acyl esters of estrone. This diet was supplemented with additional oleoyl-estrone to produce diets with 2.5 m mmolakg (diet OE2.5), 4.4 m mmolakg (diet OE4.4), and 33.3 m mmolakg content in fatty-acyl estrone (diet OE33). SUBJECTS: Twelve-week old female Zucker lean (Faa?) rats initially weighing 200 ± 235 g. MEASUREMENTS: Food intake and body weight changes; urine and droppings production and nitrogen content. Body composition (water, lipid, protein) and total energy. Energy and nitrogen balances. Plasma chemistry including free amino acids. RESULTS: Oral administration of oleoyl-estrone in a hyperlipidic diet resulted in signi®cant losses of fat, energy and, ultimately, weight, which were dependent on the dose of oleoyl-estrone ingested. Treatment induced the maintenance of energy expenditure combined with lower food intake, creating an energy gap that was ®lled with internal fat stores whilst preserving body protein. The decrease in food intake was not a consequence of food aversion but of diminished appetite. Energy expenditure was practically constant for all groups except for the OE33, which showed values about 25% lower than the controls. In most of the groups studied, there was a net protein deposition in spite of severe lipid and energy drainage. Amino acid levels agreed with this N-sparing shift. In spite of lowered energy intake, the N balance was positive or near zero in all groups, with a sizeable N-gap in controls and in lower-dose groups that disappeared in the OE33 group. CONCLUSION: Treatment of rats with a hyperlipidic diet containing added oleoyl-estrone resulted in the dose-related loss of fat reserves with scant modi®cation of other metabolic parameters and preservation of body protein. The results agree with the postulated role of oleoyl-estrone as a ponderostat signal and open the way for its development as anti-obesity drug.

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“…Previous studies have confirmed a positive association between the LP allele and BMI (Kettunen et al 2010;Corella et al 2011;Almon et al 2012); however, in children, association studies have shown increased dairy consumption in carriers of the LP allele but no marked association with BMI levels (Almon et al 2010). Additionally, others have described a negative association between dairy intake, regardless of fat content, and BMI (Slyper and Huang 2009), further implicating dairy products as both pro and anti-obesogenic (Remesar et al 1999;Berkey et al 2005;Skinner et al 2003;Lehtimäki et al 2006). In an attempt to further understand the complex relationships among lactose intake (rather than dairy alone), genetic variation and body composition, we evaluated if individuals with the lactase persistence (LP) allele of the LCT SNP (rs4988235) would exhibit a greater degree of adiposity, potentially mediated by lactose consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of the lactase persistence allele and lactose intake with body composition among multiethnic children

et al. 2013

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Childhood obesity is a worldwide health concern with a multifaceted and sometimes confounding etiology. Dairy products have been implicated as both proand anti-obesogenic, perhaps due to the confounding relationship between dairy, lactose consumption, and potential genetic predisposition. We aimed to understand how lactase persistence influenced obesity-related traits by observing the relationships among lactose consumption, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the lactase (LCT) gene and body composition parameters in a sample of multiethnic children (n = 296, 7-12 years old). We hypothesized that individuals with the lactase persistence (LP) allele of the LCT SNP (rs4988235) would exhibit a greater degree of adiposity and that this relationship would be mediated by lactose consumption. Body composition variables were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry and a registered dietitian assessed dietary intake of lactose. Statistical models were adjusted for sex, age, pubertal stage, ethnic group, genetic admixture, socio-economic status, and total energy intake. Our findings indicate a positive, significant association between the LP allele and body mass index (p = 0.034), fat mass index (FMI) (p = 0.043), and waist circumference (p = 0.008), with associations being stronger in males than in females. Our results also reveal that lactose consumption is positively and nearly significantly associated with FMI.

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Estrone in food: a factor influencing the development of obesity?

Abstract: The widely distributed estrone esters in food and their relatively high concentrations may result in high free hormone intakes in humans. The continued and massive intake of estrone may enhance tissue deposition and lead to obesity.

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

Zucker obese rats store less acyl-estrone than lean controls

Zucker obese rats store less acyl-estrone than lean controls

Oral oleoyl-estrone induces the rapid loss of body fat in Zucker lean rats fed a hyperlipidic diet

Associations of the lactase persistence allele and lactose intake with body composition among multiethnic children

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