Estrous and related behaviour in postpartum Holstein cows

Hurnik, J. F.; King, G. J.; Robertson, H. A.

doi:10.1016/0304-3762(75)90065-6

Cited by 245 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This might be because the detection rate during the control period was higher than expected. Previously reported detection rates with observations by farmers ranged from 19 to 61% (2, 8,13,14,15,19). Heersche and Nebel (11) reported for 4550 farms a detection efficiency of 38%.…”

Section: Detection Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Validation of a new method of visual oestrus detection on the farm

Heres

Dieleman

Eerdenburg

2000

Veterinary Quarterly

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SUMMARYSince visual observation is the most commonly used way of detecting oestrus and is supposed to be as effective as detection with technical devices, we evaluated a recently developed oestrus detection scoring system in daily dairy practice. In this scoring system nine signs of oestrus are scored with points, ranging 3 to 100.Twenty-one dairy farmers used the scoring system during a period of 3 weeks. All cows that were more than 30 days post partum and not confirmed pregnant were monitored, using the scoring system, by the herd owners. Oestrus was confirmed by measuring progesterone concentrations in milk. With the scoring system a detection rate of 47% was achieved. This was lower than expected, because in an earlier control period, the detection rate was 64%. We concluded that this new method might be too complicated to introduce to normal herd management, because in daily practice it is too demanding to watch cows twice a day for 30 minutes, especially if the cows show only vague and infrequent symptoms of oestrus. It also appeared to be too complicated to watch the herd at the most appropriate time. However, if the scoring system is included in the daily routine, meaning that farmers are trained to watch for other symptoms than standing heat only and are able to recognize their different values, it can be a valuable aid to oestrus detection.

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Section: Detection Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Another example is herd size. Hurnik et al (13) stated that an increase in the average herd size had the unavoidable conse-o quence of a gradual decline in the visual attention for individual animals. However, behavioural signs are more pronounced if there are more cows in heat at the same moment (13,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a new method of visual oestrus detection on the farm

Heres

Dieleman

Eerdenburg

2000

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…It is influenced by photoperiod, through light stimulation that inhibits the synthesis of melatonin and indolic compounds derived from the pineal gland (McDonald, 1989). In the cow, the oestrous behaviour affects the daily activity rhythm, intensifying the frequency of activities at night (Mattner et al, 1974;Hurnik et al, 1975;Esslemont and Bryant, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses

Bertolucci

Giannetto

Fazio

et al. 2008

Animal

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Circadian rhythms reflect extensive programming of biological activity that meets and exploits the challenges and opportunities offered by the periodic nature of the environment. In the present investigation, we recorded the total activity of athletic horses kept at four different times of the year (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice), to evaluate the presence of seasonal variations of daily activity rhythms. Athletic Thoroughbred horses were kept in individual boxes with paddock. Digitally integrated measure of total activity of each mare was continuously recorded by actigraphy-based data loggers. Horse total activities were not evenly distributed over the day, but they were mainly diurnal during the year. Daily activity rhythms showed clear seasonal variations, with the highest daily amount of activity during the vernal equinox and the lowest during the winter solstice. Interestingly, the amount of activity during either photophase or scotophase changed significantly throughout the year. Circadian analysis of horse activities showed that the acrophase, the estimated time at which the peak of the rhythm occurs, did not change during the year, it always occurred in the middle of the photoperiod. Analysing the time structure of long-term and continuously measured activity and feeding could be a useful method to critically evaluate athletic horse management systems in which spontaneous locomotor activity and feeding are severely limited. Circadian rhythms are present in several elements of sensory motor and psychomotor functions and these would be taken into consideration to plan the training schedules and competitions in athletic horses.

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“…This period, referred to as the receptive phase of oestrus or the true oestrus, is regarded as the primary symptom of oestrus (Hurnik et al, 1975;Hurnik, 1987). The primary oestrous symptoms stand to be mounted (STBM) and lowering of the back are accompanied by secondary symptoms such as mounting, anogenital sniffing, chin resting, anxiety, licking and rubbing, all of which are regarded as less accurate because they can occur during other periods of the oestrus cycle than the receptive phase (Diskin & Sreenan, 2000;Kerbrat & Disenhaus, 2004;Roelofs et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of oestrous characteristics and conception in tie-stalled and loose-housed Swedish dairy cows

Nyman

Malm

Gustafsson

et al. 2016

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science

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The presence and importance of visual oestrous symptoms and the relation to conception, breed, housing system and milk yield were studied. Data were collected from a Swedish research herd during a 16-year period. Local, secondary and primary oestrous symptoms and an overall oestrus intensity score (OI) were studied. Decreasing trends in oestrous expression and conception rates (CR), and an increase in CR with more intensive oestrus, from 24% at OI score one (very week) to 54% at OI score five (very strong) were observed. The mean interval from first to last observed oestrus symptom was long with a large variation (54 ± SD = 32 h). Generally, irrespectively of housing system, Swedish Red cows had higher CR, more intensive oestruses and longer oestrus durations compared to Swedish Holstein cows. Local oestrous symptoms, with CR of 24-28%, were most frequently detected, which is why more attention should be paid to local oestrous symptoms.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Estrous and related behaviour in postpartum Holstein cows

Cited by 245 publications

References 6 publications

Validation of a new method of visual oestrus detection on the farm

Validation of a new method of visual oestrus detection on the farm

Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses

A longitudinal study of oestrous characteristics and conception in tie-stalled and loose-housed Swedish dairy cows

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