Estrous cycle affects the neurochemical and neurobehavioral profile of carvacrol-treated female rats

Trabace, Luigia; Zotti, Margherita; Morgese, Maria Grazia; Tucci, Paolo; Colaianna, Marilena; Schiavone, Stefania; Avato, Pinarosa; Cuomo, Vittoria

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.011

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The increase of postingestive licking and sneezing following elevation in OE levels might be due to the volatile compounds present in the Oregano extract. Carvacrol is able to cross the blood brain barrier and act on the central nervous system [14], affecting neurotransmitters as serotonin and dopamine in the brain [15] and thus the appetite [34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to emphasize that volatile compounds in the Oregano extracts may exert negative effects on intake, especially when high doses are used [6, 13]. In addition to changes in rumen microbiota, secondary compounds of plants, especially essential oils, may influence the neuronal activity through modulation of neurotransmitters as dopamine and serotonin, which potentially modify animal's response to the environment [14, 15]. Since essential oils alter rumen's functioning characteristics and neuronal activity, the potential effects on animals' behavior should be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OreganoExtract Added into the Diet of Dairy Heifers Changes Feeding Behavior and Concentrate Intake

Kolling

Panazzolo

Gabbi

et al. 2016

The Scientific World Journal

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This experiment aimed to describe the effects of Oregano extract (OE) inclusion into the concentrate fed to dairy heifers on physiological parameters, feeding behavior, intake, and performance. Thirty-two Holstein heifers were randomly distributed into four treatments: C = control, without addition of OE; OE2.5 = 2.5 g; OE5.0 = 5.0 g and OE7.5 = 7.5 g of Oregano extract per heifer/day. Feeding behavior and concentrate intake were assessed individually every day and total dry matter intake (DMI) was determined on the last week of the trial. Compared to control group, OE7.5 reduced by 32% the latency time to approach the feed bunk but increased by 6% the time spent eating the concentrate. Each inclusion of 2.5 grams of OE into the concentrate increased the occurrence of postingestive licking the feed bunk with abundant saliva production 1.2 times (P < 0.01) and tended to increase the occurrence of sneeze events 1.2 times (P < 0.10). No statistical difference was detected between treatments for total DMI, but concentrate DMI was 9% lower for OE7.5 when compared to control and OE2.5. The inclusion of 7.5 grams/day of OE causes small but negative effects in feeding behavior and concentrate intake, without change on total dry matter intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OreganoExtract Added into the Diet of Dairy Heifers Changes Feeding Behavior and Concentrate Intake

Kolling

Panazzolo

Gabbi

et al. 2016

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Because the molecular weight of CAR is very small (only 150.2 g/mol) and it has a lipophilic profile, CAR is believed to easily and rapidly cross the blood–brain barrier [27], [28]; but there was no direct evidence to prove that. In this study, we treated the mice intracerebraoventricularly after cerebral I/R injury at different time points.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carvacrol, a Food-Additive, Provides Neuroprotection on Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice

et al. 2012

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Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring monoterpenic phenol and food additive, has been shown to have antimicrobials, antitumor, and antidepressant-like activities. A previous study demonstrated that CAR has the ability to protect liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of CAR on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. We found that CAR (50 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological deficits after 75 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. This neuroprotection was in a dose-dependent manner. Post-treatment with CAR still provided protection on infarct volume when it was administered intraperitoneally at 2 h after reperfusion; however, intracerebroventricular post-treatment reduced infarct volume even when the mice were treated with CAR at 6 h after reperfusion. These findings indicated that CAR has an extended therapeutic window, but delivery strategies may affect the protective effects of CAR. Further, we found that CAR significantly decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, suggesting the anti-apoptotic activity of CAR. Finally, our data indicated that CAR treatment increased the level of phosphorylated Akt and the neuroprotection of CAR was reversed by a PI3K inhibitor LY-294002, demonstrating the involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the anti-apoptotic mechanisms of CAR. Due to its safety and wide use in the food industry, CAR is a promising agent to be translated into clinical trials.

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“…Alternatively, these differences may be due to sex differences in responses to social isolation. It is possible that inclusion of females at different stages of the estrous cycle compromises our ability to detect rearing-dependent differences in anxiety-related behavior, particularly as anxiety-related behavior varies across the estrous cycle (Fedotova and Ordyan, 2010; Trabace et al, 2011). Although classic indices of anxiety in the open-field (i.e., time spent in center, and number of entries into the center of the open-field) were not affected, isolates responded with a higher duration and frequency of immobility, which is thought to reflect fear-like behavior (freezing; Stanford, 2007) in the open-field, relative to group-reared rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-weaning social isolation of female rats, anxiety-related behavior, and serotonergic systems

Lukkes¹,

Engelman²,

Zelin³

et al. 2012

Brain Research

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Our previous studies have shown that post-weaning social isolation of male rats leads to sensitization of serotonergic systems and increases in anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Although studies in humans suggest that females have an increased sensitivity to stress and risk for the development of neuropsychiatric illnesses, most studies involving laboratory rats have focused on males while females have been insufficiently studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of post-weaning social isolation on subsequent responses of an anxiety-related dorsal raphe nucleus (DR)-basolateral amygdala system to pharmacological challenge with the anxiogenic drug, N-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide (FG-7142; a partial inverse agonist at the benzodiazepine allosteric site on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor). Juvenile female rats were reared in isolation or in groups of three for a 3-week period from weaning to mid-adolescence, after which all rats were group-reared for an additional 2 weeks. We then used dual immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos and tryptophan hydroxylase in the DR or single immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos in the basolateral amygdala. Isolation-reared rats, but not group-reared rats, injected with FG-7142 had increased c-Fos expression within the basolateral amygdala and in serotonergic neurons in the dorsal, ventrolateral, caudal and interfascicular parts of the DR relative to appropriate vehicle-injected control groups. These data suggest that post-weaning social isolation of female rats sensitizes a DR-basolateral amygdala system to stress-related stimuli, which may lead to an increased sensitivity to stress- and anxiety-related responses in adulthood.

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Estrous cycle affects the neurochemical and neurobehavioral profile of carvacrol-treated female rats

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

OreganoExtract Added into the Diet of Dairy Heifers Changes Feeding Behavior and Concentrate Intake

OreganoExtract Added into the Diet of Dairy Heifers Changes Feeding Behavior and Concentrate Intake

Carvacrol, a Food-Additive, Provides Neuroprotection on Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice

Post-weaning social isolation of female rats, anxiety-related behavior, and serotonergic systems

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