Estrus, Estrous Cycles, Ovulation Time, Time of Service, and Fertility of Dairy Cattle in Louisiana

Hall, J. G.; Branton, C.; Stone, Edward J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(59)90693-9

Cited by 104 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Despite the larger variability in intervals from activity to ovulation compared with Roelofs et al. (2005), over 75% of the animals ovulated during a 16‐h time period relative to onset of increased activity and approximately 90% within a period of 32 h. Based on the previous studies assessing the effect of time of AI on pregnancy rate (Trimberger 1948; Hall et al. 1959; Nebel et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Neck Mounted 2-Hourly Activity Meter System for Detecting Cows About to Ovulate in Two Paddock-Based Australian Dairy Herds

Hockey

Morton

Norman

et al. 2009

Reproduction in Domestic Animals

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Two studies were conducted to assess the performance of a commercially available neck-mounted activity meter to detect cows about to ovulate in two paddock-based Holstein-Friesian dairy herds. The activity monitoring system recorded cow activity count in 2-hourly periods. Study I investigated the ability of the system to detect cow ovulatory periods in dairy herds managed in two different Australian environments and breeding systems using five activity alert algorithms. Herd 1 consisted of approximately 130 milking cows calving year-round in a sub-tropical environment and kept in a single dry lot paddock. Herd 2 consisted of approximately 400 milking cows calving seasonally in a temperate climate and fed pasture by rotation through multiple grazing paddocks. Ovulatory periods and non-ovulatory days were identified using milk progesterone monitoring alone or in combination with ovarian ultrasonography; using these 'gold standards' 141 and 135 ovulatory periods were identified in 64 and 135 cows in Herds 1 and 2 respectively. Sensitivity of the activity monitoring system for detecting cow ovulatory periods ranged from 79.4% to 94.1%, specificity from 90.0% to 98.2% and positive predictive value from 35.8% to 75.8%. Study II investigated the ability of the activity meter system to predict the timing of ovulations in paddock-based pasture-fed dairy cattle (Herd 2). The time of ovulation was estimated by repeat trans-rectal ovarian ultrasonography at approximately 0, 12, 24 and 36 h after artificial insemination (AI). The mean times (± SD) from onset and end of increased activity to ovulation were 33.4 ± 12.4 and 17.3 ± 12.8 h respectively (n = 94). Fifty per cent of cows (n = 47) ovulated within the 8-h period between 30 to 38 hs after the onset of increased activity, 76.6% (n = 72) within the 16 h between 24 to 40 h, 85.1% (n = 80) within the 24 h between 18 and 42 h and 90.4% (n = 85) within the 32 h from 19 to 51 h after the onset of increased activity. Results from these studies show that in paddock-based dairy cows in two diverse management systems, this neck-mounted activity meter system detects high proportions of cows that are about to ovulate and provides a useful indication of when ovulation is likely to occur. However, the specificities and positive predictive values using the algorithms assessed may be lower than desirable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Neck Mounted 2-Hourly Activity Meter System for Detecting Cows About to Ovulate in Two Paddock-Based Australian Dairy Herds

Hockey

Morton

Norman

et al. 2009

Reproduction in Domestic Animals

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“…Oestrus behaviour and central mechanisms underlying female sexual behaviour Oestrus behaviour marks the time of ovulation when cows can be inseminated successfully and oestrus detection is a key factor in the management of fertility: the timing of insemination to the time of ovulation, which ideally is 7 to 18 h before ovulation (Hall et al, 1959), is critical for the tuning of sperm and oocyte ageing (Hunter and Greve, 1997). Roughly about 30 h prior to ovulation, cows start expressing oestrus behaviour (Roelofs et al, 2005).…”

Section: Genomic Regulation Of Oestrus (Behaviour) From the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression profiles of genes regulating dairy cow fertility: recent findings, ongoing activities and future possibilities

Beerda

Wyszyńska-Koko

Pas

et al. 2008

Animal

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Subfertility has negative effects for dairy farm profitability, animal welfare and sustainability of animal production. Increasing herd sizes and economic pressures restrict the amount of time that farmers can spend on counteractive management. Genetic improvement will become increasingly important to restore reproductive performance. Complementary to traditional breeding value estimation procedures, genomic selection based on genome-wide information will become more widely applied. Functional genomics, including transcriptomics (gene expression profiling), produces the information to understand the consequences of selection as it helps to unravel physiological mechanisms underlying female fertility traits. Insight into the latter is needed to develop new effective management strategies to combat subfertility. Here, the importance of functional genomics for dairy cow reproduction so far and in the near future is evaluated. Recent gene profiling studies in the field of dairy cow fertility are reviewed and new data are presented on genes that are expressed in the brains of dairy cows and that are involved in dairy cow oestrus (behaviour). Fast-developing new research areas in the field of functional genomics, such as epigenetics, RNA interference, variable copy numbers and nutrigenomics, are discussed including their promising future value for dairy cow fertility.

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“…Generally, standing oestrus is considered as the true oestrous sign. However, not all the cows in heat show standing activity (Hall et al. 1959; Pennington et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Oestrous Signs in High‐producing Dairy Cows

Yoshida

Nakao

2005

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Shortened and weakened oestrous signs in dairy cows may cause a failure of oestrus detection and artificial insemination timing error leading to poor reproductive performance. The aims of this study were to investigate the duration of standing oestrus in high-producing dairy cows under a free stall system, to determine the duration of expression of secondary oestrous signs before and after standing oestrus (Expt 1) and to compare the duration and intensity of oestrus between cows and heifers (Expt 2). Cattle were checked for primary and secondary oestrous signs at an interval of 4 h. Heat detection aids were also used. In Expt 1, of 56 cows which were detected in oestrus, 36 cows (64.3%) showed standing oestrus and other 20 cows (36.6%) showed secondary oestrous signs only. Duration of the standing oestrus was 6.6 +/- 6.3 h on average (+/-SD), ranging between 2 and 32 h. The cows in standing oestrus showed secondary oestrous signs during a period from 9.6 +/- 8.1 h before onset of standing to 18.4 +/- 18.8 h after the end of standing oestrus. In the cows that did not show standing oestrus, expression of secondary oestrous signs were observed for 25.7 +/- 20.5 h, which was 7.5 h shorter than the average duration of oestrus in cows showing standing oestrus. In Expt 2, nine (82%) of the 11 lactating cows in oestrus showed standing, while all the 10 heifers exhibited standing oestrus. Average duration of standing oestrus was 6.4 +/- 4.3 h in cows and 6.2 +/- 3.9 h in heifers, respectively. It may be concluded that the duration of standing oestrus is substantially shortened in lactating dairy cows, and more than one-third of cows did not show standing oestrus. In cows showing standing oestrus, duration of expression of secondary oestrous signs before and after standing is not shortened. Duration of standing oestrus in heifers was as short as that in cows.

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Estrus, Estrous Cycles, Ovulation Time, Time of Service, and Fertility of Dairy Cattle in Louisiana

Cited by 104 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of a Neck Mounted 2-Hourly Activity Meter System for Detecting Cows About to Ovulate in Two Paddock-Based Australian Dairy Herds

Evaluation of a Neck Mounted 2-Hourly Activity Meter System for Detecting Cows About to Ovulate in Two Paddock-Based Australian Dairy Herds

Expression profiles of genes regulating dairy cow fertility: recent findings, ongoing activities and future possibilities

Some Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Oestrous Signs in High‐producing Dairy Cows

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