Estudio comparativo de las técnicas de extrusión y prensado como procesos de conformado de productos cerámicos de construcción en el Área Metropolitana de Cúcuta

Abstract

El presente trabajo estudia las principales variables de control del proceso de fabricación de piezas cerámicas de construcción de la zona metropolitana de San José de Cúcuta, mediante las técnicas de extrusión y prensado para su conformado. La investigación se llevó a cabo utilizando muestras arcillosas de las dos principales formaciones geológicas de la región de donde se extraen las materias primas para el proceso a nivel industrial. Las muestras arcillosas se molturaron tanto por vía seca como por vía húmeda y se estudió su granulometría. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo el proceso de conformado utilizando una prensa hidráulica y una extrusora con vacío, ambos equipos a escala de laboratorio. Las probetas obtenidas se secaron y cocieron entre 980 ºC y 1180ºC al final del proceso se realizaron pruebas para determinar la absorción de agua, contracción y pérdida de masa en cocción de las probetas. Los resultados de la investigación dejaron ver que la técnica de extrusión permite una gresificación más rápida para las arcillas de la región en comparación con la técnica de prensado, las contracciones de secado y cocción son menos marcadas en la técnica de prensado y con desviaciones estándar mucho mas bajas que en el caso de la extrusión. Palabras clave: Extrusión, prensado, conformado, absorción de agua, cerámica roja. The comparative study of pressing and extrusion like procesess of construction ceramic products in the Metropolitan Area of CucutaThe present work studies the principal variables of control in the manufacturing process of construction pieces of the Metropolitan Area of San Jose de Cucuta by extrusion and pressing techniques for its forming. The investigation was taken out using clayey samples of the two principal geological formations of the region where the raw material is taken for processing at an industrial level. The clayey samples milling was made by dry means as well as by moisture means and its particle size was measured. Subsequently the forming process was taken over by using an hydraulic press and extruder with vacuum system , both equipments at laboratory scale, the pieces shaped were dry and firing between 980° c and 1180° at the end of the process the tests were made to determine water absorbtion, contraction and mass loss at the pieces firing. The study results left to see that the extrusion technique allowed a faster vitrification for the region's clay in comparing with the pressing technique, the contractions of drying and firing are less marked on the pressing techniques with standard deviations much lower than in extrusion.

Raw materials for the ceramics industry from norte de santander. I. Mineralogical, chemical and physical characterization

“…This makes necessary the characterization of their raw materials considering the potential of these region's clays. They have kaolinite-illiticas characteristics and abundant oxides in their structure making them to be considered excellent, not only for their richness in minerals but also because of the physical behaviour in the manufacturing process [3]. This inherent competitive difference could result from the physicochemical and technological characteristics of clays, a migration from traditional products to more specialized products with higher added value, which will reverse economic gains, social, infrastructure, etc., for the region.…”

Effects of corundum in the development of structural, mechanical and tribological properties of raw materials for the manufacture of structural products

“…The slip was subjected to convection drying in an electric oven (Gabbrielli Technol.) at 110 ±5 °C and the pressing powder was prepared with a moisture of 0.060 ±0.005 kg water/kg ss, as mentioned in [6]. They were formed in a laboratory press with rectangular mold (Gabbrielli Technol.…”

Physicochemical and mineralogical properties of clays used in ceramic industry at North East Colombia

“…Due to this, the ceramic industry in the region has developed at a low technological level; 77% of companies use the beehive oven for firing clay products, resulting in low production yields [3], because of this, small clay companies do not have easy access to characterize adequately the raw materials that let them improve the technology of their products. Some studies of chemical and mineralogical characterization of clays have been made in the departments of Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Huila and Santander [4], while in Norte de Santander only physical characterization of clays has been reported [5,6].…”