Estudio preliminar de variables temporales del habla continua en pacientes con síndromes neurodegenerativos del espectro degeneración lobar frontotemporal

Abstract

Introducción. Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, especialmente la degeneración lobar frontotemporal y la enfermedad de Alzheimer, conllevan a menudo una alteración de las funciones del lenguaje, por lo que el análisis del habla puede proporcionar medidas objetivas para clasificar los diferentes síndromes. Objetivo. Estudiar la naturaleza, correlatos cognitivos y utilidad clínica de 21 variables relacionadas con el tiempo de habla y de silencio. Sujetos y métodos. Derivación de variables acústicas con Praat en tres tareas de habla espontánea en 22 sujetos, distribuidos en seis grupos de diagnóstico (cinco con enfermedades neurodegenerativas + control). Se realiza un análisis descriptivo, con curvas ROC y de componentes principales, para estudiar cómo las variables acústicas se relacionan con los distintos síndromes neurodegenerativos y qué información pueden aportar. Resultados. Se identifican tres grupos de variables relacionadas, respectivamente, con: a) número total de pausas silenciosas y duración total de la tarea; b) variabilidad de los grupos fónicos, y c) variabilidad de los períodos de silencio. Dichas componentes se correlacionan diferencialmente con los distintos síndromes estudiados. Conclusiones. El análisis detallado del tiempo de habla y de silencio puede aportar información relevante para el diagnóstico de diferentes síndromes neurodegenerativos, no reflejado en las evaluaciones de neuropsicología tradicionales. Así, el número total de pausas silenciosas puede tener valor para discriminar los pacientes con déficits de acceso léxico, los parámetros del grupo fónico parecen reflejar los problemas motores del habla, mientras que la variabilidad de las pausas se asocia con el deterioro disejecutivo y global.

A Systematic Review of the Quantitative markers of speech and language of the Frontotemporal Degeneration Spectrum and their potential for cross-linguistic implementation

“…PSP patients had a significantly reduced articulation rate in both Czech and German patient samples (Rusz et al, 2015; Skrabal et al, 2020; Staiger et al, 2017). ALS-FTD also had a significantly reduced articulation rate for English patients (Yunusova et al, 2016), however there was no significant difference for the Spanish patient sample (Baque et al, 2022). Finally, the bvFTD patient samples did not have a significant difference in articulation rate compared to controls for both the English and Spanish patient groups (Baque et al, 2022; Yunusova et al, 2016).…”

“…ALS-FTD also had a significantly reduced articulation rate for English patients (Yunusova et al, 2016), however there was no significant difference for the Spanish patient sample (Baque et al, 2022). Finally, the bvFTD patient samples did not have a significant difference in articulation rate compared to controls for both the English and Spanish patient groups (Baque et al, 2022; Yunusova et al, 2016). The values of healthy controls do not visibly differ based on language.…”

“…Figure 4B shows that the articulation rate was reduced in more than half of papers investigating nfvPPA, lvPPA, and PSP. As is visible in Figure 4B, there was an overall trend of Greek patients and controls having the highest values for articulation rate and Spanish patient and control samples having the lowest values (Baque et al, 2022;Karpathiou & Kambanaros, 2022;Potagas et al, 2022). However, the lvPPA Spanish and Greek patient samples did not have a significant difference compared to healthy controls while the English patient samples were significantly reduced (Cho et al, 2022;Cordella et al, 2019;Cordella et al, 2017).…”

“…76 papers studying discourse in patients with FTD were included in the final review. 57 of these papers (75% of all papers) studied English-speaking patients, the remaining 19 papers studied patients speaking Spanish (Baque et al, 2022; Matias-Guiu et al, 2020, 2022), Czech (Daoudi et al, 2022; Rusz et al, 2015; Skrabal et al, 2020), Italian (Catricala et al, 2019; Silveri et al, 2014), French (Bouvier et al, 2021; Macoir et al, 2021), German (Hohlbaum et al, 2018; Staiger A., 2017), Dutch (Bruffaerts et al, 2022), Greek (Karpathiou & Kambanaros, 2022; Koukoulioti et al, 2018, 2020; Potagas et al, 2022), Hindi (Sachin et al, 2008), and Korean (Suh et al, 2010) (Figure 2a). Figure 2b shows the geographical representation of the published papers, with a paucity of languages from South America, Asia, and Africa.…”

“…Despite differences, the findings of this review show generalizable results across language groups for phonetic and phonological features. The literature suggests that phonetic and phonological features may be broadly applicable in the Indo-European languages, in PSP as well as nfvPPA, with Greek and Hindi as Indo-Iranian languages (Potagas et al, 2022; Sachin et al, 2008), Czech as a Slavic language (Daoudi et al, 2022; Rusz et al, 2015; Skrabal et al, 2020), Italian, French, and Spanish as Romance languages (Baque et al, 2022; Bouvier et al, 2021; Silveri et al, 2014), and English and German as Germanic languages (Hohlbaum et al, 2018; Parjane et al, 2021).…”