“…9,11,12,14,23 All studies cited in this literature review reported that orthodontic treatment did not provide risk to the development of signs and symptoms of TMD, regardless of the technique used for treatment, whether or not the extraction of premolars was performed, and the type of malocclusion previously presented by the patient. 8,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]27 Some long-term studies concluded that the orthodontic treatment would not be preventive or a treatment modality for TMD. 9,15,27 Henrikson and Nilmer 24 suggested that due to the fluctuating character of the signs and symptoms of TMD, and as orthodontic treatment is not effective in treating TMD, a conservative and reversible approach should be adopted in the treatment of TMD, which agrees with the guidelines of the American Academy of Orofacial Pain.…”