ET_A receptor activation contributes to T cell accumulation in the kidney following ischemia-reperfusion injury

Abstract

Renal ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury and acute kidney injury (AKI) increase the risk of developing hypertension, with T cells suspected as a possible mechanistic link. Endothelin promotes renal T cell infiltration in several diseases, predominantly via the ETA receptor, but its contribution to renal T cell infiltration following renal IR injury is poorly understood. To test whether ETA receptor activation promotes T cell infiltration of the kidney following IR injury, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with the ETA receptor antagonist ABT‐627 or vehicle, commencing 2 days prior to unilateral renal IR injury. Mice were sacrificed at 24 h or 10 days post‐IR for assessment of the initial renal injury and subsequent infiltration of T cells. Vehicle and ABT‐627‐treated mice displayed significant upregulation of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in the IR compared to contralateral kidney at both 24 h and 10 days post‐IR (P < 0.001). Renal CD3+ T cell numbers were increased in the IR compared to contralateral kidneys at 10 days, but ABT‐627‐treated mice displayed a 35% reduction in this effect in the outer medulla (P < 0.05 vs. vehicle) and a nonsignificant 23% reduction in the cortex compared to vehicle‐treated mice. Whether specific T cell subsets were affected awaits confirmation by flow cytometry, but outer medullary expression of the T helper 17 transcription factor RORγt was reduced by ABT‐627 (P = 0.06). These data indicate that ET‐1 acting via the ETA receptor contributes to renal T cell infiltration post‐IR injury. This may have important implications for immune system‐mediated long‐term consequences of AKI, an area which awaits further investigation.

Manipulating CD4+ T Cell Pathways to Prevent Preeclampsia

“…In both in vitro and in vivo mouse models, ET A receptor blockade reduces IL-17 production following Th17 activation, which is discussed later in this review. These reductions in IL-17 release and Th17 activation are associated with significantly decreased risk for HTN, HELLP syndrome, and renal dysfunction following ischemic injury (Alexander et al, 2001;Morris et al, 2016;Boesen, 2018). By neutralizing TNF-α, there may be fewer cellular debris in circulation and in the placenta, thus blunting ET-1/ET A pathway activation and limiting pro-inflammation, HTN, and renal dysfunction.…”