Ethanol and Lipid Disorders, Including Fatty Liver, Hyperlipemia, and Atherosclerosis

Lieber, Charles S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3320-7_4

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The accumulation of fat in the liver acts as a stimulus for the secretion of lipoprotein into the bloodstream and the development of hyperlipemia. However, there is no practical approach to prevent the alcoholic fatty liver (Lieber, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although the interaction of ethanol with lipid metabolism is complex, several mechanisms are proposed (Lieber, 1992): When ethanol is present, it becomes a preferred fuel for the liver and displaces fat as a source of energy, contributing to fat accumulation. In addition, the altered redox state secondary to the oxidation of ethanol promotes lipogenesis through increased ␣-glycerophosphate and enhanced formation of acylglycerols.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Fenofibrate on Fatty Liver in Rats Treated With Alcohol

Tsutsumi

Takase

2001

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: Although fatty liver and hyperlipemia are common in chronic alcoholics, there is no practical approach to prevent alcoholic fatty liver. Recently, it has been reported that fibrates bind to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-␣ and induce ␤-oxidation enzymes of fatty acid in mitochondria. In this study, we investigated the effect of fenofibrate, one of the fibrates, on fatty liver in rats induced by chronic alcohol feeding. Furthermore, we studied the effect of fenofibrate on hyperlipemia in patients with alcoholic fatty liver.Methods: Male Wistar rats were treated with liquid diet that contained ethanol (36% of total calories) or an isocaloric carbohydrate instead of ethanol for 4 weeks. Fenofibrate was administered orally with the liquid diets for 4 weeks at a concentration of either 0, 5, or 30 mg/kg body weight/day. As a pilot study, eight patients with alcoholic fatty liver were treated with 200 mg/day of fenofibrate for 4 weeks.Results: After fenofibrate administration, fatty degeneration of liver was not observed in three of the five rats treated with 5 mg and in all rats treated with 30 mg of fenofibrate. Hepatic triglyceride content was decreased significantly in rats treated with 30 mg of fenofibrate compared with the rats not treated with fenofibrate. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels also were decreased after treatment with fenofibrate. In eight alcoholic patients treated with 200 mg of fenofibrate for 4 weeks, serum triglyceride level decreased significantly compared with the levels before treatment. All patients continued alcohol consumption during fenofibrate administration.Conclusion: The results of the present investigation suggest that fenofibrate may be useful to prevent alcoholic fatty liver. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are necessary to obtain definitive results.

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Effect of Fenofibrate on Fatty Liver in Rats Treated With Alcohol

Tsutsumi

Takase

2001

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…Alcohol-mediated changes in lipid metabolism in these tissues can have important whole-body effects, leading, for example, to derangements in lipoprotein metabolism (reviewed Srivastava et al, 1994). Moderate to high doses of alcohol can cause a rise in plasma triglyceride levels both in humans (Boden et al, 1993b) and in the rat (see Lieber, 1982). In a recent study it was reported that alcohol impairs the antilipolytic action of insulin in elderly men (Boden et al, 1993b), the net effect being increased fatty acid release and simultaneous acceleration of fatty acid reesterification.…”

Section: Alcohol and Lipid Metabolism In Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle

Dhillon

Palmer

1996

Addiction Biology

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The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the acute and chronic interactions between alcohol and nutrient metabolism in skeletal muscle. Insulin is well known to play an important regulatory role in nutrient, especially glucose, uptake and utilization in skeletal muscle. Several studies have shown that alcohol can acutely reduce the normal metabolic responses of skeletal muscle to the action of insulin. The most obvious of these is an acute impairment in glucose metabolism associated with alcohol consumption. While the exact mechanism(s) underlying this acute insulin resistance is presently unclear, several possible factors are discussed in this review. In contrast to these short-term effects, the effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in chronic alcohol abusers are not as well established. Chronic alcohol abuse is known to be associated with skeletal myopathies, believed to result from alcohol induced abnormalities in muscle protein synthesis. Finally, the alcohol-mediated impairments of many aspects of skeletal muscle metabolism are discussed in relation to the insulin resistance associated broad spectrum of common lifestyle-related disorders, including non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity, the consequences of which may be important to the pathogenesis of alcohol-related diseases.

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“…Lipids have often been demonstrated to be causally related to pancreatitis, and because alcohol intake promotes lipid synthesis in the liver and pancreas and induces the manifestations of fatty liver, hyperlipemia (3)(4)(5), and fatty pancreas (6)(7)(8), lipids have been attracting interest and have been investigated as a risk factor for alcoholic pancre atitis (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It has never been demonstrated, however, that hyper lipemia develops in the early stage of alcohol intake (3)(4)(5), and it is quite possible that increased lipids in the blood cause the early stage of alcoholic pancreatic in jury. Surprisingly, however, there have been no reports of any direct experimental investigations of a relation ship between hyperlipemia and the early stage of alco holic pancreatic injury.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hyperlipemia and Early Pancreatic Injury Induced by Ethanol Intake in Rats.

Yuasa

Miyoshi

Fukui

et al. 2000

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis is unknown, and even though hy perlipemia has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for alcoholic pancreatitis, no studies di rectly investigating whether there is a relationship between the two have ever been re ported. Therefore, to determine if a relationship exists between hyperlipemia and alcoholic pancreatitis, especially the early stage of alcoholic pancreatic injury, we administered a reg ular liquid Lieber-DeCarli diet, with and without ethanol as 35% of total calories, to rats for 2wk. Thereafter we measured their plasma lipid concentrations, pancreatic zymogen gran ule fragility, and plasma lipase activity and subsequently investigated the correlations be tween these parameters. Significant increases in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, phos pholipid, nonesterified fatty acid, pancreatic zymogen granule fragility, and plasma lipase activity were observed in the ethanol liquid diet group, compared with the values of the con trol liquid diet group, and pancreatic zymogen granule fragility was correlated with plasma triglyceride (r=0.62), total cholesterol (r=0.77), phospholipid (r=0.76), nonesterified fatty acid concentrations (r=0.62), and lipase activity (r=0.63). These results show a possible relationship between hyperlipemia and the early stage of alcoholic pancreatic injury, and they may support the hypothesis that hyperlipemia contributes to the etiology of alcoholic pancreatitis.

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Ethanol and Lipid Disorders, Including Fatty Liver, Hyperlipemia, and Atherosclerosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 291 publications

Effect of Fenofibrate on Fatty Liver in Rats Treated With Alcohol

Effect of Fenofibrate on Fatty Liver in Rats Treated With Alcohol

Metabolic effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle

Hyperlipemia and Early Pancreatic Injury Induced by Ethanol Intake in Rats.

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