Ethanol and Lipid Metabolism

Baraona, Enrique

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70048-4_4

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 157 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is known that alcohol can stress triacylglycerol metabolism by increasing VLDL production (Baraona & Lieber, 1979). Our study con®rms the concept that alcohol intake should be limited in hypertriglyceridemic patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Dietary counselling effectively improves lipid levels in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia: emphasis on weight reduction and alcohol limitation

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of dietary counselling in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and evaluate the effects of advised nutrient changes. Design: A prospective dietary intervention study in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia from January 1st 1988 to December 31st 1996 according to the Dutch guidelines for a healthy diet. Before and after the dietary intervention period of 12 weeks, 24 h food recalls were used to assess dietary intake and macronutrient composition. Effectiveness was evaluated by assessment of body weight, serum lipids, lipoproteins and insulin resistance parameters. Setting: Leiden outpatient Lipid Clinic. Subjects: Forty-®ve newly diagnosed, untreated patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. Results: A signi®cant reduction in energy intake and body weight as well as changes in macronutrient composition were observed. Total serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels decreased by 31% and 15%, respectively. No effects were observed on serum glucose and insulin levels. Weight reduction was signi®cantly correlated with reduction of total plasma triacylglycerol levels and inversely correlated with changes in HDL cholesterol levels. Of all nutrients assessed, only reduction of alcohol intake correlated with improvement of total serum triacylglycerol. Conclusions: Short-term dietary counselling in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia can effectively improve serum lipid and lipoprotein levels. With regard to the advised nutrient changes, weight loss and limitation of alcohol intake prove to be the best predictors of triacylglycerol reduction.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Dietary counselling effectively improves lipid levels in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia: emphasis on weight reduction and alcohol limitation

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The positive association between alcohol consumption and serum levels of HDLc [23][24][25][26] has been the basis for the concept that HDLc, through its participation in reverse cholesterol transport, is one of the major mediators of this protection. Angiographic studies lend support to this concept by -3n56) a Annual consumption of 200 g as cut-off.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and coronary heart disease: the roles of HDL‐cholesterol and smoking

Mänttäri

Tenkanen²,

Alikoski³

et al. 1997

Journal of Internal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Man$ tta$ ri M, Tenkanen L, Alikoski T, Manninen V (Department of Medicine, Helsinki University and Helsinki Heart Study, Helsinki, Finland). Alcohol and coronary heart disease : the roles of HDL-cholesterol and smoking. J. Intern Med 1997 ; 241 : 157-63. Objectives.To study the role of HDL-cholesterol (HDLc) in the causal pathway mediating the effect of alcohol on coronary heart disease (CHD). Design. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the relative CHD risks in various HDLcsmoking categories. Setting. A prospective, multicentre, placebocontrolled, double-blind CHD primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in primary (occupational) health care units, the Helsinki Heart Study. Subjects. Dyslipidaemic middle-aged men with available alcohol consumption data (1924 of 2035) in the placebo arm of the 5-year study. Main outcome measures. Seventy-seven (of 84) cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction or cardiac death.

show abstract

“…The increased production of reducing equivalents (NADH) from ethanol oxidation by ADH is believed to cause a shift in the cytosolic NADH/NAD + ratio, which in turn increased NADH/NAD + ratio in the mitochondria. Many of the enzymes of fatty acid oxidation are pyridine nucleotide dependent, thus, their activities are inhibited by NADH, resulting in reduced ability to oxidize fatty acids [57,58] . Although generation of reducing equivalents by ADH is sufficient to cause lipid accumulation [59] , the finding that fat infiltration in the liver persists despite normalization of NADH/NAD + ratio, and that antioxidants prevent it in rats chronically fed alcohol, suggest that additional mechanisms are involved [60] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Alcoholic Fatty Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease: Role of oxidative metabolism

Ceni

Mello

Galli

2014

WJG

415

339

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alcohol consumption is a predominant etiological factor in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, resulting in fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) involves complex and still unclear biological processes, the oxidative metabolites of ethanol such as acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a preeminent role in the clinical and pathological spectrum of ALD. Ethanol oxidative metabolism influences intracellular signaling pathways and deranges the transcriptional control of several genes, leading to fat accumulation, fibrogenesis and activation of innate and adaptive immunity. Acetaldehyde is known to be toxic to the liver and alters lipid homeostasis, decreasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and increasing sterol regulatory element binding protein activity via an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism. AMPK activation by ROS modulates autophagy, which has an important role in removing lipid droplets. Acetaldehyde and aldehydes generated from lipid peroxidation induce collagen synthesis by their ability to form protein adducts that activate transforming-growth-factor-β-dependent and independent profibrogenic pathways in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Furthermore, activation of innate and adaptive immunity in response to ethanol metabolism plays a key role in the development and progression of ALD. Acetaldehyde alters the intestinal barrier and promote lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation by disrupting tight and adherent junctions in human colonic mucosa. Acetaldehyde and LPS induce Kupffer cells to release ROS and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that contribute to neutrophils infiltration. In addition, alcohol consumption inhibits natural killer cells that are cytotoxic to HSCs and thus have an important antifibrotic function in the liver. Ethanol metabolism may also interfere with cell-mediated adaptive immunity by impairing proteasome function in macrophages and dendritic cells, and consequently alters allogenic antigen presentation. Finally, acetaldehyde and ROS have a role in alcohol-related carcinogenesis because they can form DNA adducts that are prone to mutagenesis, and they interfere with methylation, synthesis and repair of DNA, thereby increasing HCC susceptibility. Key words: Alcohol metabolism; Acetaldehyde; Reactive oxygen species; Alcoholic liver disease; Protein adducts; Hepatic stellate cells; Liver fibrosis; CYP2E1Core tip: The goal of this article is to review the mechanisms of alcohol-mediated toxicity in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of the liver. Specifically, we highlight the effect of oxidative ethanol metabolites such as acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species in the development of fat accumulation, fibrosis and deranged immune response.Ceni E, Mello T, Galli A. Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease: Role of oxidative metabolism.

show abstract

Ethanol and Lipid Metabolism

Cited by 24 publications

References 157 publications

Dietary counselling effectively improves lipid levels in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia: emphasis on weight reduction and alcohol limitation

Dietary counselling effectively improves lipid levels in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia: emphasis on weight reduction and alcohol limitation

Alcohol and coronary heart disease: the roles of HDL‐cholesterol and smoking

Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease: Role of oxidative metabolism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About