Ethanol Consumption in Rats Selectively Bred for Differential Saccharin Intake

Dess, Nancy K.; Badia-Elder, Nancy E.; Thiele, Todd E.; Kiefer, Stephen W.; Blizard, David A.

doi:10.1016/s0741-8329(98)00010-x

Cited by 92 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The relationship between impulsivity and drug abuse vulnerability is known to involve genetic factors, as Lewis rats and rats that have been selectively bred for high saccharin intake (HiS) show both enhanced vulnerability to drug abuse and increased impulsive choice compared to Fischer 344 [2,44,50,83] and rats selectively bred for low saccharin intake (LoS) [14,22,63,64]. The present findings, combined with previous findings showing that IC rats are more vulnerable to drug abuse than EC rats [7,32,82], indicate that environmental factors also influence both impulsivity and drug abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive choice and environmental enrichment: Effects of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate

Perry

Stairs

Bardo

2008

Behavioural Brain Research

123

114

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Individual differences in impulsive choice and rearing in differential environments are factors that predict vulnerability to drug abuse. The present study determined if rearing influences impulsive choice, and if d-amphetamine or methylphenidate alters impulsive choice in differentially-reared rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were raised from 21 days of age in either an enriched condition (EC) or an isolated condition (IC) and were tested as young adults on an adjusting delay task. In this task, two levers were available and a response on one lever yielded one 45 mg food pellet immediately, whereas a response on the other yielded three pellets after an adjusting delay. The delay was initially set at 6 sec, and it decreased or increased by 1 sec following responses on the immediate or delayed levers, respectively. A mean adjusted delay (MAD) was calculated upon completion of each daily session, and it served as the quantitative measure of impulsivity. Once MADs stabilized, rats were injected with saline, d-amphetamine (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg, s.c.), or methylphenidate (2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg, s.c.) 15 min prior to adjusting delay sessions. EC rats had higher baseline MADs (were less impulsive) than IC rats. Additionally, administration of d-amphetamine, but not methylphenidate, dose-dependently increased impulsive choice (decreased MADs) in EC rats. In IC rats, d-amphetamine and methylphenidate dose-dependently decreased impulsivity (increased MADs). These results indicate that rearing environment influences impulsive choice and moderates the effect of psychostimulants on impulsive choice. Specifically, psychostimulants may decrease environment-dependent impulsive choice in individuals with high levels of impulsivity (e.g., those with ADHD), whereas they may increase impulsive choice in individuals with low levels of impulsivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive choice and environmental enrichment: Effects of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate

Perry

Stairs

Bardo

2008

Behavioural Brain Research

123

114

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“…This test was conducted after the locomotor response experiment was completed to allow for verification of phenotypes without influencing drug-related behaviors by introducing saccharin. The saccharin score was obtained by giving each rat a 24-h 2-bottle choice test with 0.1% (wt/vol) saccharin and water to measure saccharin intake (Dess et al 1998). Water consumption used in the calculation was from a previous 24-h 2-bottle test when only water was present.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of drug-seeking-prone behaviors are voluntary or forced reactivity to a novel environment (Piazza et al, 1989(Piazza et al, , 1990(Piazza et al, , 2000Bardo et al, 1996;Klebaur and Bardo, 1999;Klebaur et al, 2001;Mantsch et al, 2001;Cain et al, 2004), novelty choice (Cain et al, 2005), wheel-running (Larson and Carroll 2005a), higher intake of saccharin-and sucrose-adulterated foods or liquids (Gahtan et al, 1996;Gosnell, 2000;Gosnell and Krahn, 1992;Gosnell et al, 1995) and dietary fat (Marks-Kaufman and Lipeles, 1982;Krahn and Gosnell, 1991), impulsiveness for food reward (Perry et al 2005(Perry et al , 2007c, and stress reactivity (Piazza and LeMoal, 1996;Homberg et al, 2002). This approach to identifying drug abuse vulnerability factors can also be accomplished by selective breeding for the phenotype of interest, and similar results have emerged in the case of saccharin intake and drug self-administration (Dess et al, 1998;Carroll et al, 2002Perry et al, 2007a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, others have found a relationship between escalation of cocaine self-administration and sensitization when additional cocaine doses and other activity measures (e.g., stereotypic head movements), thought to represent increased drug effects, were taken into account (Ferrario et al, 2005). In the present study, novelty reactivity, cocaine-induced locomotor activity, and sensitization were examined and compared in male and female rats that had been selectively bred to be drug-seeking-prone or -resistant based on their high (HiS) or low (LoS) intake of saccharin and previous demonstrations of drug-seeking behavior Dess et al, 1998;Perry et al 2007b). The purpose of this work was to determine whether rats with well-established differences in reward-seeking behavior, reinforced by both drugs and preferred dietary substances, express similar differences in stimulant-induced locomotor activity and sensitization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this work was to determine whether rats with well-established differences in reward-seeking behavior, reinforced by both drugs and preferred dietary substances, express similar differences in stimulant-induced locomotor activity and sensitization. HiS (vs. LoS) rats have exhibited elevated acquisition, escalation, dysregulation, extinction, and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior Perry et al, 2007b), impulsivity for food (Perry et al, 2007b), intake of ethanol (Dess et al, 1998), and acquisition of heroin self-administration . The HiS and LoS lines of rats offer an opportunity to examine the predictive relationship between drug-rewarded behavior and locomotor sensitization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher locomotor response to cocaine in female (vs. male) rats selectively bred for high (HiS) and low (LoS) saccharin intake

Carroll

Anderson

Morgan

2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Rats selectively bred for high saccharin consumption (HiS) self-administer more oral ethanol and i.v. cocaine than those selectively bred for low saccharin consumption (LoS). Male and female drug-seeking-prone (HiS) and -resistant (LoS) rats were used in the present experiment to test the prediction that cocaine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization varied with sex and their selective breeding status (HiS and LoS). All rats were intermittently exposed over 2 weeks to pairs of sequential saline and cocaine injections, separated by 45 min. The first 5 pairs of injections, each separated by 2-3 days (10-12 days total), were given to examine the development of cocaineinduced locomotor activity and the development of locomotor sensitization, which was determined by comparing the effects of cocaine injection 1 with injection 6, which was given 2 weeks after the 5 pairs of intermittent injections. Results indicated that after the first injection pair (saline, cocaine) the HiS and LoS groups did not differ (saline vs. cocaine) in locomotor activity; however, after cocaine injections 1, 5 and 6, HiS females were more active than HiS males and LoS females. There were also significant phenotype differences (HiS > LoS) in locomotor activity after cocaine injections 5 and 6. There was only a weak sensitization effect in cocaine-induced locomotor activity in HiS females after cocaine injection 5 (compared to 1); however it was not present after injection 6 or in other groups. The lack of a strong sensitization effect under these temporal and dose conditions was inconsistent with previous reports. However, the results showing HiS > LoS and females > males on cocaine-induced activity measures are consistent with several measures of cocaine-seeking behavior (acquisition, maintenance, escalation, extinction, and reinstatement), and they suggest that cocaine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization are behavioral markers of drug-seeking phenotypes.

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Genetics of sweet taste preferences

Bachmanov

Bosak

Floriano

et al. 2011

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Sweet taste is a powerful factor influencing food acceptance. There is considerable variation in sweet taste perception and preferences within and among species. Although learning and homeostatic mechanisms contribute to this variation in sweet taste, much of it is genetically determined. Recent studies have shown that variation in the T1R genes contributes to within- and between-species differences in sweet taste. In addition, our ongoing studies using the mouse model demonstrate that a significant portion of variation in sweetener preferences depends on genes that are not involved in peripheral taste processing. These genes are likely involved in central mechanisms of sweet taste processing, reward and/or motivation. Genetic variation in sweet taste not only influences food choice and intake, but is also associated with proclivity to drink alcohol. Both peripheral and central mechanisms of sweet taste underlie correlation between sweet-liking and alcohol consumption in animal models and humans. All these data illustrate complex genetics of sweet taste preferences and its impact on human nutrition and health. Identification of genes responsible for within- and between-species variation in sweet taste can provide tools to better control food acceptance in humans and other animals.

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Ethanol Consumption in Rats Selectively Bred for Differential Saccharin Intake

Cited by 92 publications

References 24 publications

Impulsive choice and environmental enrichment: Effects of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate

Impulsive choice and environmental enrichment: Effects of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate

Higher locomotor response to cocaine in female (vs. male) rats selectively bred for high (HiS) and low (LoS) saccharin intake

Genetics of sweet taste preferences

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