Ethanol Extract of Perillae Herba Enhances Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep through GABA_A-ergic Systems

Abstract

− Perillae Herba has been traditionally used for the sedation in the oriental countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether Perillae Herba ethanol extract (PHEE) enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors in animals. In addition, the possible mechanisms are demonstrated. PHEE (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg. p.o.) reduced the locomotor activity in mice. PHEE reduced sleep latency and augmented the total sleep time in pentobarbital (42 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced sleep in mice. Furthermore, the number of sleeping mice treated with sub-hypnotic pentobarbital (28 mg/kg, i.p.) increased. PHEE (50 mg/kg. p.o.) decreased the sleep/ wake cycles and wakefulness, and increased total sleeping time and NREM sleep in electroencephalogram (EEG) of rats. In addition, PHEE (0.1, 1.0 and 10 µg/ml) increased the intracellular Cl − level through the GABA receptors in the hypothalamus of rats. Moreover, the protein of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was overexpressed by PFEE. It was found that PHEE enhanced pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through GABA A -ergic transmissions.

Moringa oleifera Lam Seed Oil Augments Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behaviors in Mice via GABAergic Systems

“…Thus, lack of sleep can result in fatigue, drowsiness, decreased immunity, anxiety, and depression. 1 The increased work competition, rapid lifestyle pace, irregular daily habits, and similar other factors have led to an increased number of sleep disorders among the general population. Globally, approximately 10−15% of the adults have chronic insomnia, while an additional 25−35% suffer from transient occasional sleep disorders.…”

“…In mammals, sleep is a vital physiological need, which can maintain homeostasis, as well as healthy physical and mental states. Thus, lack of sleep can result in fatigue, drowsiness, decreased immunity, anxiety, and depression . The increased work competition, rapid lifestyle pace, irregular daily habits, and similar other factors have led to an increased number of sleep disorders among the general population.…”