Ethanol-Induced Leakage in
            <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>
            : Kinetics and Relationship to Yeast Ethanol Tolerance and Alcohol Fermentation Productivity

Salgueiro, Sancha P.; Sá‐Correia, Isabel; Novais, J. M.

doi:10.1128/aem.54.4.903-909.1988

Cited by 90 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…First, we showed that at high ethanol concentration in the medium, cells lost their membrane integrity, as indicated by a massive leakage of intracellular metabolites. A similar observation was reported by Salgueiro et al (1988), who also found a release of amino acids and 260-nm-light-absorbing compounds (probably purine and pyrimidine bases and nucleotides) in the medium upon incubation of glucosegrown cells with 18% ethanol. However, these authors did not draw any conclusions about the origin of this leakage or about the effect of this leakage on cell viability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Physiological behaviour of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in aerated fed-batch fermentation for high level production of bioethanol

Cot¹,

Loret²,

François³

et al. 2007

FEMS Yeast Research

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae was able to produce 20% (v/v) of ethanol in 45 h in a fully aerated fed-batch process recently developed in our laboratory. A notable feature of this process was a production phase uncoupled to growth, the extent of which was critical for high-level ethanol production. As the level of production was found to be highly variable, we investigated on this high variability by means of a detailed physiological analysis of yeast cells in two fed-batch fermentations showing the most extreme behaviour. We found a massive leakage of intracellular metabolites into the growth medium which correlated with the drop of cell viability. The loss of viability was also found to be proportional to the reduction of plasma membrane phospholipids. Finally, the fed-batch processes with the longest uncoupling phase were characterized by induction of storage carbohydrates at the onset of this phase, whereas this metabolic event was not seen in processes with a short uncoupling phase. Taken together, our results suggested that reproducible high-level bioethanol production in aerated fed-batch processes may be linked to the ability of yeast cells to impede ethanol toxicity by triggering a metabolic remodelling reminiscent to that of cells entering a quiescent GO/G1 state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Physiological behaviour of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in aerated fed-batch fermentation for high level production of bioethanol

Cot¹,

Loret²,

François³

et al. 2007

FEMS Yeast Research

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“…The correlation established here between the level of toxicity and liposolubility of the compounds tested under standardized conditions, using both test systems, strongly suggest that the lipid bilayers of biomembranes are the putative main targets in both nerve tissues and yeast cells, as suggested by other authors based on correlations between lipophilicity and toxicity of various chemical compounds [10,11,26]. The highly lipophilic chemicals used in this study may accumulate in high concentrations in biomembranes, leading to the perturbation of its function as a selective barrier and to the inhibition of the biological function of membrane-bound proteins [27,28]. In particular, 2,4-D induces human erythrocyte crenation, due to the insertion of the herbicide into the outer monolayer of the lipid moiety of the red cell membrane [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparison of two screening bioassays, based on the frog sciatic nerve and yeast cells, for the assessment of herbicide toxicity

Papaefthimiou

Cabral²,

Mixailidou

et al. 2004

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Two different test systems, one based on the isolated sciatic nerve of an amphibian and the other on a microbial eukaryote, were used for the assessment of herbicide toxicity. More specifically, we determined the deleterious effects of increasing concentrations of herbicides of different chemical classes (phenoxyacetic acids, triazines, and acetamides), and of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), a degradation product of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on electrophysiological parameters and the vitality of the axons of the isolated sciatic nerve of the frog (Rana ridibunda) and on the growth curve of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on microtiter plate susceptibility assays. The no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC), defined as the maximum concentration of the tested compound that has no effect on these biological parameters, was estimated. In spite of the different methodological approaches and biological systems compared, the NOEC values were identical and correlated with the lipophilicity of the tested compounds. The relative toxicity established here, 2,4-DCP > alachlor, metolachlor >> metribuzin > 2,4-D, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), correlates with the toxicity indexes reported in the literature for freshwater organisms. Based on these results, we suggest that the relatively simple, rapid, and low-cost test systems examined here may be of interest as alternative or complementary tests for toxicological assessment of herbicides.

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“…More specifically, high concentration of ethanol decreases the integrity of cell membranes, increases membrane permeability to ionic species (e.g. protons), and influences fluidity of the plasma membrane (Salgueiro et al, 1988;Rosa & Sa-Correia, 1996;Teixeira et al, 2009;Ma & Liu, 2010). To increase ethanol tolerance of S. cerevisiae, extensive efforts have been made (Zhao & Bai, 2009;Ma & Liu, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol reduces mitochondrial membrane integrity and thereby impacts carbon metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2012

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent ethanol producer, but is rather sensitive to high concentration of ethanol. Here, influences of ethanol on cellular membrane integrity and carbon metabolism of S. cerevisiae were investigated to rationalize mechanism involved in ethanol toxicity. Addition of 5% (v/v) ethanol did neither significantly change the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of the reference strain S. cerevisiae BY4741 nor of the ethanol‐tolerant strain iETS3. However, the addition of ethanol resulted in a marked decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and in increased concentrations of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The carbon flux was redistributed under these conditions from mainly ethanol production to the TCA cycle. This redistribution was possibly a result of increased energy demand for cell maintenance that increased from about zero to 20–40 mmol ATP (gCDW h)−1. This increase in maintenance energy might be explained by the ethanol‐induced reduction of the proton motive force and the required removal of ROS. Thus, the stability of the mitochondrial membrane and subsequently the capacity to keep ROS levels low could be important factors to improve tolerance of S. cerevisiae against ethanol.

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Ethanol-Induced Leakage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Kinetics and Relationship to Yeast Ethanol Tolerance and Alcohol Fermentation Productivity

Cited by 90 publications

References 34 publications

Physiological behaviour of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in aerated fed-batch fermentation for high level production of bioethanol

Physiological behaviour of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in aerated fed-batch fermentation for high level production of bioethanol

Comparison of two screening bioassays, based on the frog sciatic nerve and yeast cells, for the assessment of herbicide toxicity

Ethanol reduces mitochondrial membrane integrity and thereby impacts carbon metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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