Ethanolamine Influences Human Commensal Escherichia coli Growth, Gene Expression, and Competition with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7

Rowley, Carol A.; Anderson, Christopher J.; Kendall, Melissa M.

doi:10.1128/mbio.01429-18

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…E. coli , together with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus , are the major etiologic agents that cause dairy cow mastitis, which results in huge economic losses in the dairy industry [ 2 , 3 ]. It can also induce diseases such as septicemia, pericarditis, aerocyst, ophthalmia, and omphalitis in chickens [ 4 , 5 ] and causes hemolytic uremia, neonatal septicemia, and meningitis in humans [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Thus, E. coli is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Escherichia coli OmpA Oral Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Immune Functions against the Major Etiologic Agent of Cow Mastitis

Liu

Sun

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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Escherichia coli is a major etiologic agent of cow mastitis, a condition that results in huge economic losses. There is a lack of an oral vaccine for cow mastitis. Previous studies have confirmed that the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of E. coli is immunogenic and can be used for vaccine design. In the present study, OmpA was encapsulated into nanoparticles (NP-OmpA) for an oral vaccine for cow mastitis. Methods: OmpA was purified with Ni-NTA flow resin and encapsulated with chitosan (CS) to prepare NP-OmpA nanoparticles. The gastrointestinal tract was simulated in vitro (PBS, pH 1.2) to measure the protein release rate. The optimal preparation conditions for NP-OmpA were determined by analyzing the concentrations of OmpA and CS, magnetic mixing speed, mixing time, and the ratio of tripolyphosphate (TPP)/CS (w/w). NP-OmpA safety was assessed by function factors and histopathological examination of livers and kidneys. The immune activity of NP-OmpA was determined using qRT-PCR to assess immune-related gene expression, leukocyte phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus, ELISA to evaluate antiserum titer and immune recognition of E. coli, and the organ index. The immune protection function of NP-OmpA was assessed by the protection rate of NP-OmpA to E. coli in mice, qRT-PCR for inflammation-related gene expression, assay kits for antioxidant factors, and visceral injury in the histopathological sections. Results: NP-OmpA nanoparticles had a diameter of about 700 nm, loading efficiency (LE) of 79.27%, and loading capacity (LC) of 20.31%. The release rate of NP-OmpA (0~96 h) was less than 50% in vitro. The optimal preparation conditions for NP-OmpAs were OmpA protein concentration of 2 mg/mL, CS concentration of 5 mg/mL, TPP/CS (w/w) of 1:1, magnetic mixing speed of 150 r/min, and mixing time of 15 min. Histopathological sections and clinical analytes of uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) showed NP-OmpA did not damage mice livers or kidneys. NP-OmpA could enhance the immune-related gene expression of IFN-γ and HSP70 in the spleen, liver, and kidney and the leukocyte phagocytosis of S. aureus. The antiserum titer (1:3200) was obtained from mice immunized with NP-OmpA, which had an immune recognition effect to E. coli. The immune protection rate of NP-OmpA was 71.43% (p < 0.05) to E. coli. NP-OmpA could down-regulate the inflammation-related gene expression of TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-10 in the spleen, liver, and kidney, and the antioxidant factors MDA and SOD in the liver, and reduce injury in the liver and kidney of mice induced by E. coli. Conclusions: A novel NP-OmpA nanoparticle was encapsulated, and the optimal preparation conditions were determined. The NP-OmpA was safe and had good immune functions. They are expected to induce a response that resists infection with the major etiologic agent (E. coli) of cow mastitis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Escherichia coli OmpA Oral Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Immune Functions against the Major Etiologic Agent of Cow Mastitis

Liu

Sun

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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“…The metabolism of EA resulted in reduced virulence together with a delayed onset of disease in a hamster model of Clostridium difficile infection (72). Furthermore, EA utilization by commensal E. coli isolates allowed them to outcompete the pathogen EHEC (41). Consistent with our data, the colonization efficiency of E. faecalis Δ eutVW in the murine gastrointestinal tract was increased relative to the wild type strain (73).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EA utilization is a well-recognized property of diverse pathogens, for example Salmonella and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) (33–37). The only commensals known to carry EA utilization genes are E. faecalis and some commensal strains of E. coli (32, 38–41). E. faecalis catabolizes EA using enzymes encoded by the eut genes that are contained in a locus consisting of 19 genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Bacterial Consortia Reprogram the Colitogenic Activity of Enterococcus faecalis in a Gnotobiotic Mouse Model of Chronic, Immune-Mediated Colitis

et al. 2019

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with compositional and functional changes of the intestinal microbiota, but specific contributions of individual bacteria to chronic intestinal inflammation remain unclear. Enterococcus faecalis is a resident member of the human intestinal core microbiota that has been linked to the pathogenesis of IBD and induces chronic colitis in susceptible monoassociated IL-10-deficient (IL-10 −/− ) mice. In this study, we characterized the colitogenic activity of E. faecalis as part of a simplified human microbial consortium based on seven enteric bacterial strains (SIHUMI). RNA sequencing analysis of E. faecalis isolated from monoassociated wild type and IL-10 −/− mice identified 408 genes including 14 genes of the ethanolamine utilization ( eut ) locus that were significantly up-regulated in response to inflammation. Despite considerable up-regulation of eut genes, deletion of ethanolamine utilization (Δ eutVW ) had no impact on E. faecalis colitogenic activity in monoassociated IL-10 −/− mice. However, replacement of the E. faecalis wild type bacteria by a Δ eutVW mutant in SIHUMI-colonized IL-10 −/− mice resulted in exacerbated colitis, suggesting protective functions of E. faecalis ethanolamine utilization in complex bacterial communities. To better understand E. faecalis gene response in the presence of other microbes, we purified wild type E. faecalis cells from the colon content of SIHUMI-colonized wild type and IL-10 −/− mice using immuno-magnetic separation and performed RNA sequencing. Transcriptional profiling revealed that the bacterial environment reprograms E. faecalis gene expression in response to inflammation, with the majority of differentially expressed genes not being shared between monocolonized and SIHUMI conditions. While in E. faecalis monoassociation a general bacterial stress response could be observed, expression of E. faecalis genes in SIHUMI-colonized mice was characterized by up-regulation of genes involved in growth and replication. Interestingly, in mice colonized with SIHUMI lacking E. faecalis enhanced inflammation was observed in comparison to SIHUMI-colonized mice, supporting the hypothesis that E. faecalis ethanolamine metabolism protects against colitis in complex consortia. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that complex bacterial consortia interactions reprogram the gene expression profile and colitogenic activity of the opportunistic pathogen E. faecalis toward a protective function.

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“…For instance, ethanolamine derived from host cell membranes during inflammation is used as nitrogen and carbon sources for the enteric pathogens S. enterica and Escherichia coli (60, 61) to outcompete the microbiota. C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune Protein Calprotectin Impacts Clostridioides difficile Metabolism through Zinc Limitation

Lopez

Beavers

Weiss

et al. 2019

mBio

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Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of postantibiotic nosocomial infection. Antibiotic therapy can be successful, yet up to one-third of individuals suffer from recurrent infections. Understanding the mechanisms controlling C. difficile colonization is paramount in designing novel treatments for primary and recurrent CDI. Here, we found that limiting nutrients control C. difficile metabolism during CDI and influence overall pathogen fitness. Specifically, the immune protein CP limits Zn availability and increases transcription of C. difficile genes necessary for proline fermentation. Paradoxically, this leads to reduced C. difficile proline fermentation. This reduced fermentation is due to limited availability of another nutrient required for proline fermentation, Se. Therefore, CP-mediated Zn limitation combined with low Se levels overall reduce C. difficile fitness in the intestines. These results emphasize the complexities of how nutrient availability influences C. difficile colonization and provide insight into critical metabolic processes that drive the pathogen’s growth.

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Ethanolamine Influences Human Commensal Escherichia coli Growth, Gene Expression, and Competition with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Synthesis of Escherichia coli OmpA Oral Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Immune Functions against the Major Etiologic Agent of Cow Mastitis

Synthesis of Escherichia coli OmpA Oral Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Immune Functions against the Major Etiologic Agent of Cow Mastitis

Complex Bacterial Consortia Reprogram the Colitogenic Activity of Enterococcus faecalis in a Gnotobiotic Mouse Model of Chronic, Immune-Mediated Colitis

The Immune Protein Calprotectin Impacts Clostridioides difficile Metabolism through Zinc Limitation

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