Ethanolic Extract of Ground Vernonia Amygdalina Stem Exhibited Potent Antibacterial Activity and Improved Hematological Bio-Functional Parameters in Normal and Monosodium Glutamate-Intoxicated Rats

Abstract

Herein, Vernonia amygdalina stem ethanolic extract, VASEE, was elucidated for its antibacterial activity in vitro by disk-diffusion technique and, in vivo effect on some hematological parameters of normal and monosodium glutamate, MSG-intoxicated rats. For in vivo study, 20 male albino rats assigned into five groups (A, B, C, D, and E) were, for 14 days, respectively administered MSG (8000 mg/kg body weight, bw), VASEE (200 mg/kg bw), Control (Vital feed and tap water), MSG (8000 mg/kg bw + VASEE, 200 mg/kg bw), and MSG (8000 mg/kg bw + VASEE, 400 mg/kg bw). In vitro, the VASEE-related activity against the tested bacterial pathogens was significant (P < 0.05), dose dependent and comparable to that by the standard antibacterial drug, Ciprofloxacin. In vivo, VASEE compared to control and MSG groups improved (P < 0.05) and, notably at the highest tested dose modulated the monosodium glutamate intoxication-related effect on, the studied hematology of rats. Thus, VASEE exhibited potent activity against the tested bacterial pathogens, improved, and potentially modulated MSG-intoxication-related effect on, the rats’ hematological functions. The study underscored a promising antibacterial application of the extract of hitherto wasted bitter leaf stem that could offer novel therapeutic benefits on the hematology of especially MSG-intoxicated rats, warranting further studies.
 Keywords: Hematology, intoxication, bitter leaf stem, packed cell volume, Red blood cell

Nutrient, antinutrient and antimicrobial properties of Telfairia Occidentalis pod and biochemical response in experimentally compromised rats' hematology and lipid profile

“…The determination of the antimicrobial activity of the [16][17][18][19][20] eleven microbial pathogens as reported earlier . This was was based on the disk diffusion technique using 10 mm discs obtained as 50 mg of Ketoconazole (antifungal) and Ciprofloxacin (antibacterial) standard strains.…”

Antimicrobial and Antibiotic-Resistance Reversal Activity of Some Medicinal Plants from Cameroon against Selected Resistant and Non-Resistant Uropathogenic Bacteria

“…Similarly, ethanolic extracts of L. vulgare and V. amygdalina showed a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens. This could be ascribed to the richness of these extracts in phytochemicals such as saponins, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, steroid glycosides, and lactones [20] for which recent studies reported its antibacterial activity [21]. Amongst leaves extracts, those derived from M. oleifera were more actives against the bacterial strains E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 6538 while extract from L. vulgare leaves was more active against C. albicans ATCC 10231.…”

“…It has also been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and anti-arthritic properties [14][15][16]. V. amygdalina (known in Cameroon under the popular name of Ndolè) have been reported to have anticancer and antitumor activity [17,18]; antihepatotoxic activity [19]; hypoglycemic activity [20]; antibacterial activity [21]; anti-inflammatory [22] as well as antioxidant property [23]. Moreover, C. citratus (lemongrass) is widely used as a tea and is rich in minerals, vitamins, macronutrients (including carbohydrate, protein, and small amounts of fat) and its leaves are a good source of various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and tannins that confer C. citratus leaves pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer, antihypertensive, anti-mutagenicity, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anxiolytic, anti-nociceptive and anti-fungal [24].…”

“…Similarly, ethanolic extracts of L. vulgare and V. amygdalina showed a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens. This could be ascribed to the richness of these extracts in phytochemicals such as saponins, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, steroid glycosides, and lactones[20] for which recent studies reported its antibacterial activity[21].…”