Ethanolysis of glucose into biofuel 5-ethoxymethyl-furfural catalyzed by NH4H2PO4 modified USY zeolite

Abstract

5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) can be considered as a potential biofuel because of its excellent combustion properties, such as high energy density and low carbon smoke emissions. In this study, Ultra-stable Y (USY) zeolite was modified with NH4H2PO4 and then used as an efficient solid catalyst for the catalytic synthesis of EMF via ethanolysis of glucose First, the NH4H2PO4-modified USY was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, and NH3-TPD. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, substrate concentration, and catalyst loading on the yield of EMF was investigated. The P0.2-USY optimal EMF yield was 39.6 mol%, which increased by 20.7% compared to USY, and still had better activity after being reused for 5 cycles. Moreover, the pseudo-homogeneous first-order kinetics model was developed to elucidate the kinetics of EMF formation from glucose, and the kinetics results showed that the activation energy of EMF formation (64.2 kJ⋅mol-1) was lower than that of humins formation (73.2 kJ⋅mol-1). Finally, the ethanolysis pathway was proposed based on the product distribution.

Hydroisomerization Principles of Acenaphthene to Alkyladamantanes over Modified USY-Supported Pt Catalysts

“…The characteristic IR vibrational peaks of USY zeolites appeared at 1045, 810, and 450 cm –1 , which were Si–O bonds in zeolites . The peak at 1045 cm –1 was the peak of the O–Si–O asymmetric stretching vibration, describing the internal vibrational band of the Si­(Al)­O 4 tetrahedron . It has been reported that with the increase of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio, the internal vibrational band of Si­(Al)­O 4 tetrahedra shifted to higher frequencies, and this shift was due to the sensitivity of the internal vibrations of the tetrahedron to its composition .…”

“…36 The peak at 1045 cm −1 was the peak of the O−Si−O asymmetric stretching vibration, describing the internal vibrational band of the Si(Al)O 4 tetrahedron. 37 It has been reported that with the increase of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio, the internal vibrational band of Si(Al)O 4 tetrahedra shifted to higher frequencies, and this shift was due to the sensitivity of the internal vibrations of the tetrahedron to its composition. 38 Compared to USY, the peak of USY-A at 1045 cm −1 shifted toward the lower segment.…”