Ethene/propene copolymerisation by [Me2C(3-RCp)(Flu)]ZrCl2/MAO (R = H, Me,isoPr,tertBu)

Arndt, Michael; Kaminsky, Werner; Schauwienold, Anne-Meike; Weingarten, Ulrich

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(19980601)199:6<1135::aid-macp1135>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 19 publications

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“…For the modeling of metallocenes, the use of a second‐order Markov model is of great importance as penultimate effects have been proven 12. For decades, second‐order models have been applied to ethylene‐1‐alkene copolymers,13–19 but mainly based on the fitting of triads15–17, 19, the use of the experimental feed18 or without having the possibility to determine the chain microstructure of the copolymer chains. Besides, most methods to find the penultimate reactivity ratios of catalysts do not enable to describe series of copolymers in a consistent way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2007

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2007

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Single‐Site Catalysts

Leino

2001

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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The recent rapid development of organometallic single‐site catalysts (SSCs) has revolutionized polymer synthesis and polyolefin production technologies. These well‐defined catalyst systems generally consist of a transition metal atom, such as titanium, zirconium, iron, nickel, or palladium, complexed with an organic ligand set and an initiating group(s). Activation with methylaluminoxane or other weakly coordinating anions generates the cationic active species responsible for olefin coordination and polymer chain growth. Representative examples of SSCs include the bis(cyclopentadienyl)‐type Group 4 metallocenes as well as the diimine complexes of nickel and palladium. By variation of the organic ligand and thus the steric and electronic environment of the metal center, these catalysts can be tailored to control the olefin polymerization reaction in an unprecedented fashion. Almost any vinyl monomer, irrespective of molecular weight or steric hindrance, can be polymerized by choosing the proper catalyst. Virtually all feasible poly(α‐)olefin microstructures ranging from atactic to isotactic, hemiisotactic, syndiotactic, and stereoblock polymers can be produced by rational modification of the catalyst structure. Functional monomers are readily copolymerized with the less oxophilic late transition metal catalysts. Entirely new materials, not accessible with traditional Ziegler–Natta catalysts, have emerged, including high melting syndiotactic polystyrene and cycloaliphatic polymers. This article provides a broad overview of SSCs and their application in olefin polymerization. Evolution and classification of SSCs, catalyst generation, polymerization of ethylene, propylene, cycloolefins, dienes, styrene, as well as as functional olefins, and the application of SSCs in enantioselective polymerization are covered. Finally, heterogenization of SSCs for use in industrial processes is briefly discussed.

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Single‐Site Catalysts

Heurtefeu

Vaultier

Leino

et al. 2012

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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The recent rapid development of organometallic single‐site catalysts (SSCs) has revolutionized polyolefin research and permitted the production of new specialty polymers and commodity polyolefins with improved properties. These well‐defined catalyst systems generally consist of a transition metal atom, such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, iron, nickel, or palladium, complexed with an organic ligand set and an initiating group. In most cases, activation with methylaluminoxane or compounds bearing a weakly coordinating anions generates cationic‐active species responsible for olefin coordination and polymer chain growth. Representative examples of SSCs include the bis(cyclopentadienyl) or bis(phenoxyimine)‐type group 4 catalysts as well as the diimine complexes of nickel and palladium. By variation of the organic ligand and thus the steric and electronic environment of the metal center, these catalysts can be tailored to control the olefin polymerization reaction in an unprecedented fashion. Almost any vinyl monomer, irrespective of molecular weight or steric hindrance, can be polymerized by choosing the proper catalyst. Virtually all feasible poly(α‐olefin) microstructures ranging from atactic to isotactic, hemiisotactic, syndiotactic, and stereoblock polymers can be produced by rational modification of the catalyst structure. Functional monomers are readily copolymerized with the less oxophilic late transition metal catalysts. Entirely new materials, not accessible with traditional Ziegler–Natta catalysts, have emerged, including high melting syndiotactic polystyrene and cycloaliphatic polymers. This article provides a broad overview of SSCs and their application in olefin polymerization. Evolution and classification of SSCs, polymerization of ethylene, propylene, as well as functional olefins, macromolecular architecture bearing polyolefin blocks are covered. Finally, heterogenization of SSCs for use in industrial processes is described.

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Ethene/propene copolymerisation by [Me2C(3-RCp)(Flu)]ZrCl2/MAO (R = H, Me,isoPr,tertBu)

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

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Single‐Site Catalysts

Single‐Site Catalysts

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